WWII
diary of Pacific war, Damon LaBarbera, Ph.D. Licensed Psychologist
Saturday, August 13, 2016
Diary of Joseph
LaBarbera, MD
I received the
following letter from my father, 74 at the time, about his diary. The
diary details his day to day existence in Tonga and Fiji during
WWII, just prior to the Guadalcanal campaign. The diary is after the
letter.
July 15th, 1986
Dear Damon,
I have read my diary
after a lapse of forty years. We had to "turn them in" for security
reasons while at either Guadalcanal or Cape Gloucester (New Britain). I have
found that it not exciting and very repetitive--dull, as
it actually was. We were always waiting for something to happen.
When we went through
“The Canal” (Panama) our Fleet Task Force found, after a secret letter was
opened, that we would head for Tonga (a name none of us had even heard of) --an
expendable Task force. In April 1942 when we left the states, the
Japanese were still conquering all--even though the Philippines had not, as
yet been taken. We were to be a holding group to try to prevent
further expansion of the Japanese forces. The Japanese were actually
headed the same area to use as South Pacific headquarters. We had two
plans, a forced, or, if the Island had not been taken, a peaceful
landing.
Admiral Fletcher and
his Task Force engaged the Japanese Fleet at the Battle of
Coral Sea (a misnomer since it was actually the Solomon
Sea). The Tokyo raid and attack on Midway occurred while we
were halfway across the Pacific. We arrived at our destination as
that battle was taking place, hence a peacefull
landing-in a Tropical Paradise--unspoiled beauty since we were the first
to arrive in that area. Everything was as it had been for centuries. We kept
ourselves busy on the island treat medical and surgical casualties.
On Fiji I volunteered
to join the Rangers #37th Div. who were to up into Cape Gloucester. I backed
into that one saying I’d go if no one else would--and since all the
other officers declined your dad was it. On the morning that
I was to leave my footlocker outside my quarters the commanding officer
rescinded the order. The group (Rangers) that went in on the invasion and it
was total annihilation. None survived.
We were staging to
invade a very strong Japanese base—Kavieng on New Ireland. (Rabaul in New
Britain, Kavieng on New Ireland and Leika were strongest
Japanese Pacific bases). The plans were aborted since we found that
casualties would have been too high as we found they knew our
plans. Therefore more sitting around and waiting. Eventually
arrived at Cape Gloucester-the worst spot in the face of the earth, having
stopped on the way in Finchbarren, New Guinea. Received permission to
go ashore and look for Ed—unfruitfully. The Japanese were at the
east end of the island at Rabaul. We staged for the Philippine invasion.
We stopped at Manus Island and spent Christmas of ’44 up in the air in dry
dock. The ship’s bottom was scraped free of barnacles to
improve our speed and after a few days starting about January 1st started
our way northward towards the Philippines. We went through the Serago Strait
with Jap bases on both sides—and up the west coast of Luzon with many Kamikaze
planes (brave pilots) up there, and coming down at us throughout the
trip. Their main targets were aircraft carriers—and battleships, cruisers,
etc., and an occasional transport. We were
at Linjargen Gulf, Jan 9th, 1945. The Gulf was
jammed all full of ships—with many planes flying overhead. At 6AM to 9AM
all hell broke loose with battleships hurling shells and rockets, planes
dropping bombs and strafing the shore. Jap planes came out and dropped their
bombs around our ships with some hits. I remember one Jap was swimming
alongside our ship—he still had his glasses on. Looking up we saw Jap
planes appearing then disappearing into the clouds—the red sun symbol on their
wings. The Kamikaze (Divine Wind) planes and pilots were all destroyed, either
shot down or crashing into the vessels or sea. The noise was
horrendous—deafening.
I was boat team
commander and leader and we descended down the rope Jacob ladder into
the heaving boats below some falling into the boats having lost their footing.
We circled around for about five minutes before getting sick on the gas fumes
from all the landing craft that were circling--and on command headed toward the
beach. The sea was heaving (It was chosen since the
Japs would be less likely to consider landing there. We lost
many landing crafts which were turned over by the rough see. We
landed on a sandbar and had to disembark chest high in water with carbine and
70 pounds backpack, etc. but made it without much trouble. I had the
men run to the --1/8 mile--go into the bush and clean their carbines 001/2
at a time.
We met no
opposition--since we did not go ashore the first day--but settled where the
unit was to bivouac--dug fox holes. The Japanese had withdrawn inland, which
was the custom to avoid the bombardment. -and we thought they would
counterattack as customary. Three planes (Black Widows--P61s) few over at dusk
to by shot down by our own men. The had not been briefed on the new
plains. We slept in fox holes--rather than zippered mosquito bar hammocks
since it had been easy for the infiltrating Japs to knife anyone from below
trapped in the hammock through the rubberized lower hammock section. Our troops
forced the Japs southward. Lts Sam Maroon , Van Atton an I
requested the use of a natives thatched and bamboo house-elevated about
three feet about the ground on bamboo supports. we used the patio
fireplace to cook our meals. About six weeks later we moved provisions to the
village and occupied that house Japs used as headquarters. We treated many
casualties--medical and surgical --at the sit= We stayed in pyramidal
tents.
One night he O.D.
(officer of the day) alerted us that they believed that Japanese
were infiltrating our area--which did not seem to bother anyone to
any degree. It seems we had been exposed so much to danger that
it did not register as it would have three years earlier. Our me (some) after
finishing their medical routine went off for
hunting and killing Japanese who were trying to make their
escape from the mountains to the see. Human life value had been lost.
I disapproved and treated the Japanese prisoners as well
as I possibly could.
Two or three other
officers and I jeeped to Manilla and stayed on the basement at
the university of Santo Tomos which had been used
as POW locale. Many of the unit had been sent home for
various reasons--alcoholism, N.P, Filariases, etc. I rose from ward office
(Lieut) to Asst Chief) Major, and acting head of my unit
(The latter position I never had to assume--where warranted
a Lt Colomer and which sometimes unfairly perhaps but not of my
doing were ranked higher than some of my superiors at the star of the
war. As a team boat leader I had a major and a captain as
subordinates, as well as a group of enlisted men.
Manilla was a mess
with much evidence of combat—downed planes, mostly Japanese. There
was very little diversion except movies—and reading. Toward the end of July I
learned that my mother (step mom) had passed on suddenly—and I was
urged to come home on emergency leave. To do so I had to sign up
and return after a months leave, for another year. I was long past
overdue to be returned, and to go home for
a month and then return was
an extremely unpleasant thought. Not knowing what was
taking place at home, I decided to go on leave. The trip
to New York, July 31 to Aug 6, sitting up, with no solid sleep, was enervating
and extremely depressing. On the day I arrived in New York, the
bomb was dropped. It took about three weeks for me to learn I was to proceed to
Fort Dix for separation—rather than the San Francisco port of Embarkation. Our
group was scheduled to invade Kyoto, the southernmost Japanese
island in October. Tow million were to take part—we expected a million
casualties (allies). I had been in the service almost four years and spent
only four months of that in the US.
Note: May 15th, 1942 to Nov 31th, 1942
Personal Diary of
Lt. Jos. F. LaBarbera, M.C.
A.S.N. 0404750
Force No 0051-I
In case of accident
please forward this Diary to
Mr. Frank LaBarbera
532 9th Street, N.Y.
New York
May 15th--1942
On my arrival at New York from South America I learned that the 7th Evacuation
Hospital had been called to active duty. (Jan 12) The following day I
had my physical examination and invested some $150 in uniforms. After a
few farewell parties, our group set out for Fort Dix, expecting to be
there for only a few days. However, our stay there was much longer than
we anticipated. We were quartered in barracks and altho our
heating apparatus was poor (26’ one morning) and the routine monotonous, we
were all in relatively good condition when we left.
After many false alarms due to rumors, the unit was
ordered to the Port of Embarkation on the sixth of April. I had already
moved to the Fort 9 days previously to assist Major Preston with the supplies. I
had charge of all ---and was glad that one hectic week had passed before
everything was all set. We were aboard ship for two days before sailing
(3:40PM) 4-9 and while sailing down through New York Bay I tied to
get a few last glimpses of New York through a porthole as all army personnel
had been ordered in doors so that the troops might sail undetected.
Our trip in the Atlantic, thru Mora Strait and the Caribbean to the Canal took
ten days. We saw the Aquitania there which appeared in a wretched condition. It
sailed soon after our arrival. Were not allowed ashore.
Our ship was the Barnett (The Santa Maria of the Grace Line), We were “blacked
out every night” except for blue lights in the corridors and one row of lights
in the ward room. Our group (Lts Maroon, Hutchinson,
Van Notta and Stansfield and myself) was very unfortunate as we had
neither a ventilator or fan in our room. It was hot and stifling and
humid and there were very few morning when we could say
we actually felt that we had a good nights sleep. I tried sleeping on
the hurricane deck three or four nights but sleeping conditions were poor
there, too. We took aboard the General and his staff at Balboa as the Hunter
Leggett, the HQ. ship had engine trouble. She was to follow later after
repairs. This was a bad break for us as Col Meagher and other ranking officers
of our unit were left with the Leggett.
We spent our time aboard ship reading, sleeping, preparing lectures for the
enlisted men (Military Sanitation, Field Sanitation, Venereal disease in the
tropics, Tropical Diseases). As far as I know our destroyers contacted only one
submarine in the Atlantic. Our trip in the Pacific was very
quiet although we had frequent drills and had to wear our life belts at
all times. We held our Neptune’s Rex ceremonies passing over the
equator and I took first as a sheet back and initiated the
“Polly Wogs”, passively, although I carried a canvass club. I found that after
our group went through that they had used my unused clothing, including my new
shoes--all of which were soaking wet. I did not appreciate it too
much. When were out of Panama about 1 week we were
informed that were bound for Tongatabu the largest of the
Friendly Islands. We started thereafter, had meetings to organize our
forces to take the island by force as we did not know whether or
not the japs would be in possession of it on our
arrival. Since I was bored with the inactivity of
the trip I found myself hoping that we might run into some
action providing that there be no causalities in our task force. We arrived
unopposed at Tonga on Friday May 9 which automatically became Sat May
10 as we had passed over the International Date Line.
I was ordered ashore on the 12th and was glad to set foot on Terra
Firma after 33 days. I was immediately impressed by the good nature,
friendliness and hospitality of the Tongans. The men wore Sarongs (Lava Lava)
and adorn themselves with beads, necklaces of various colors. They go shoeless
and their feet are extraordinarily large in length and width.
They are well built, rather tall, thick-chested, with large calves. We
were all quartered in the collecting station, slept on low cots, ate canned
rations which were not too bad and began our adjustment on the
island. The Tongans supplied entertainment at night in the form of music and
dancing. They did very well with American music. (You are my sunshine, my only
sunshine, etc.”). The Island strikes me as a virtual paradise and I hope that
we Americans will not spoil the dispositions of the natives. There has not been
a murder on the island for twenty years, “there is not theft and the woman are
not molested. We were split up into two groups and took quarters in
two homes., one of the beach had man modern improvements-but the one I was
assigned to was more spacious but had not plumbing facilities at all. We
slept on the floor the first night and found that I was not as hard as I
thought I was. I guess that the ocean trip did things to me after my toughening
up at Dix.
May 16--Slept better last night, as we finally wrangled cots from the O.M.C
which is pretty darned busy right now. Our temporary hospital is fairly
well established now in a building which previously was part of the Tonga
college
Grove awoke last night and felt something walking up his leg--he kicked it
off--and it fell to the floor. Probably was a rat--as there are many here. Took
up my duties in the hospital today. Things are rather slow.
Have picked up a few Tongan words.
The Hunter Leggett arrived today--and was glad to see Col Meagher again as we
had had too many “generals” in our group who like their position but are afraid
to assume any responsibility.
The Yorktown Aircraft carrier with a few cruisers and destroyers arrived in
first to-day. The ship carried the casualties for the Battle of the Coral Sea.
We learned that the Lexington was sunk and that our losses were heavy altho
those of the japs were greater.
Writing by candlelight is difficult. I sympathize with Honest Abe.
May 17th--Sunday--Quiet day--Locals gave me a haircut--short and moth-eaten in
places--but it feels good as I have not been able to get a haircut for the past
week. Gave Alley a bath with helmets of water and he reciprocated. The entire
7-a is ashore now and its good to see the fellows again after 5-6 weeks.
Probably will move out to our permanent site soon--Gave Alley haircut--and did
better than I thought I could.
May 18th--Uneventful day--List of Tent Mates was passed around today. Lt. Day
and I are to “keep house” together. Also learned that I am in charge of a Med.
ward for Gas and Shock Casualties.
Gave Sam Maroon a haircut this afternoon--after which he had to fetch a
professional to rectify my mistakes. I did a bum job. A native is now
instructing about 8 of the officers in Tongan. Rumors that there might be a Jap
attack within 2 weeks. Naval officers are making bets. Some of the men are
moving to the permanent site. I’m to stay here and work at the hospital.
May 20, 1942
My first day as O.D.--very slow day—but had to stay at the hospital
Bought trinkets for the family about a week ago but will not be able to send
them home until the censorship regulations are revised (Bead Necklaces).
Benjamin requested a trimming today--and learning from yesterdays mistakes did
a fair job
Stories of American sailors in the battle of the Coral Sea shooting Japs in
lifeboats—and bayoneting Jap aviator seeking refuge on another carrier--. Don't
know how much truth there is to them.
Confidential notice on a new German Gas – HN2 which is more disastrous then
Mustard or Lewisite. We'd all be lost if they attacked us now, as no one
carries a gas mask or wears helmets.
Would like to eat at a table without flies-instead of the porch at the nurse’s
home.
Bought two bola knifes s yesterday--4 shillings a piece.
May 22nd, 1942
We moved from Nuku'alofa to Houma yesterday. Many tents were set up –and things
are getting into shape rapidly. The hospital is in a coconut grove –coconut
trees are all over with a few banana trees in their midst. The officers'
sleeping quarters are across the road beneath the coconut trees and the fruit
hangs treacherously above. The tent has not come yet and is probably on another
ship which has not been unloaded.
We went swimming yesterday—in the ocean about a mile away—our beach is a
beautiful place with cascades, blowholes, dense coconut trees, and cool water.
However, coral is abundant and cut me sharply. It actually is a South Sea
Paradise and about the most beautiful place I've ever seen. Eating conditions
are much better—as we eat good food at tables with very few flies protected by
tents. The Red Cross furnished entertainment last night in the form of American
(record) and Tongan music.
Most of the patients were removed from the other hospital yesterday
Day and I cleaned our spot yesterday afternoon with machetes
Saw an octopus hanging outside of a natives hut last week—when on a hike.
Tentacles were about 2ft for long.
Heard my first broadcast in 6 weeks from the states last night over our short
wave radios. There is seventeen/ nineteen (remember—EDST, ENT) hours difference
in time between here and New York.
The natives are extremely poor and live in thatched huts --and by far , most
sleep on a mat of coconut leaves on the floor. The children roam naked: They
live on fruit for the most part altho, there are some pigs and chickens which
roam loosely. However, the natives are about the happiest and most content
group I have ever seen. Life here in many places is primitive and has been the
same for hundreds of years.
Captain Cook called the island Tonga.
I met Dr. Steadman [“killed in action” later penciled in] of Garden City at the
hospital the other day. He is on the Solace which was at Pearl Harbor when it
was attacked and had some interesting talks.
May 23rd
Yesterday was a quiet day—Assignments to Med. Service made. I am to be free for
a while but will be O.D. Tomorrow.
Went swimming in the afternoon—
Admired the natural fish pools and rock gardens with Col McKelvey.
Medical meeting last night- Topic-- “Modern Aspects of Shock” and a discussion
followed.
There are many cemeteries on the island—graves are marked by gravel mounds –.
An equivalent to our flowers as a token of Remembrance is a grass skirt strung
up over the grave. The natives also wear the skirts while in mourning.
News via radio last night was encouraging.
The enlisted men are now starting to set up the nurses tents adjacent to ours.
May 24th
A bad day yesterday after I wrote the last note. Developed extreme weakness,
general malaise, headache, G.I. disturbance. Fever, and chilly sensations. Must
have swallowed a lot of bugs. Went to bed at 4 P.M.—got up at 11:30 A.M.
Day and I are now in our tent.
May 25th
Gradually getting well. I definitely had the tar knocked out of me. Was as weak
as a pup. A few of the other men are also feeling low.
Spent this AM and part of the PM fixing up our tent. We had thatched coconut
leaf rugs.
A coconut cluster missed me by about 10 Feet this AM. I expect that those above
my tent will start bombarding any day now.
Jack Kaiser paid a native boy to climb the tree adjacent to his tent to knock
the ripe coconuts off. There was a shower of about 20. The boy scrambled up the
tree like an acrobat.
May 28th
Was operated on yesterday morning—Thrombosed Hemorrhoid—. Hurt like holy blazes
when the local wore off. Was confined to bed—and bled like a stuck pig. Feel
better today.
At about 10 AM yesterday while laying in bed I heard some anti aircraft firing
in the distance. I learned later that a Jap plane was sighted and they were
trying to bring it down. However, this morning I found that a New Zealand plane
was the target –a case of mistaken identity—and that the pilot was green when
he came down—The plane was a very slow, outmoded, reconnaissance plane.
Living conditions are very crude.
The meals are becoming monotonous and I hope there will be a change.
The nurses moved into their quarters adjacent to ours. Some are indignant since
the M.D.s don’t bother much with the group.
Day awoke last night and felt some claws on his hand which was laying against
the mosquito netting—was probably a rat.
We were all set for the movies—furnished by the A.R.C last night but there was
insufficient electric power. Felt disappointed But they returned later and it
worked—but I was asleep. Have not seen a movie in seven weeks.
May 30th
Nothing of any great significance has occurred in the past few days. Had been
confined to my tent for the most part. Have been rather uncomfortable.
Medical meeting last night—case presentation—-“Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum in
a 27 year old Negro.” and a discussion of War Wounds.
The Governor General of New Zealand and General Lockwood visited our area this
A.M.
The A.R.C. were around that night and gave an amateur entertainment and played
popular records.
An airplane from our base went down in the sea the other day and the pilot was
lost.
Very cold last night—used three blankets.
There was a full moon last night—the setting was beautiful.
June 1st
We started arising before dawn 5:30 AM yesterday--so as to be alert in case of
an attack. This will continue for the duration. A sore spot for most of the
men.—I suppose its best to prevent a repetition of Pearl Harbor.
Has been windy -- 2 coconuts fell off the tree above us and rolled into the
tent yesterday.
Have been doing plenty of reading—short stories for the most part. I read in
bed by flashlight at night as there is nothing else to do.
My Sanitation detail starts today. I hope I’ll like it.
Sherman was right.
Hope to be able to go swimming today.
June 2nd
Was on the Solace yesterday--. They have a fine setup.
Rumor that a Jap Expeditionary Force in 89 miles away. We may expect trouble
any day, if it is true.
My job as sanitation inspector is not bad. I have my Jeep and will be able to
see a lot of the island (Beaches).
June 3rd
Traveled 52 miles by Jeep yesterday. We first investigated an attempted
assault—one negro attempted to attack another with a knife. Probably insane.
The ride to the southeast end of the island is a long one—but we saw many
interesting things—grapefruit trees with fruit 8” in diameter, Guava trees—the
fruit from which are covered with a citrus like skin and the meat tastes like
pomegranate. Hibiscus flowers, and papaya trees. There are also many flying
foxes in that area—which are bats with a wide wingspan and hang body down from
the trees. They have a fur like covering and faces like foxes when not flying.
An autopsy was performed yesterday on a soldier who was drowned in the
lagoon.—our second causality of war. Hope it’s the last.
A native girl was attacked by two members of our force the other day and was
killed.
Probably had some ants {added “rat flies”} in bed with last night—itched and
scratched a good deal of the night.
I saw the queen of the island, Salote, driving around in a small sedan which
she confiscated from a Jap at the onset of the war. There was about seven in
the car—and it reminded me of Sunday picnickers in the states.
A.R.C.—showed “Woman of the Year” last night with K. Hepburn and Spencer
Tracey. Since I had seen it at <crossed out> while stationed at Dix I did
not stay long but went to bed at eight and read by flashlight for ½ hour.
Am looking forward to a quick termination of the war. Hope that it will be over
by Christmas. According to radio reports of massive bombings of Cologne and
Basil it seems likely-- if they keep it up.
Its quite a task arising daily before sunrise. We have to dress and wear our
steel helmets and gas masks. Our clothes are very damp at this time of the day
because of the heavy night dew.
A native does my laundry and I pay 1 pound a month. No starch and I have seen
cleaner clothes—but it will have to do for awhile.
June 5th
Traveled about 60 miles today to the northwest end of the island and inspected
the 20th and 50th C.A. There are many flying foxes out that way.
I bought a kerosene lamp yesterday and hope to make good use of it. Candles
burn to quickly and flash light batteries may become scarce.
We had a lesson on Tongan last night which lasted about one hour. The fee was a
total of one dollar for the group (ten officers). They say that you can learn
the language in six months.
The island was originally discovered by the Dutch on 1616 and called Amsterdam
– A neighboring island was called Rotterdam. Capt. Cook landed many years later
and called them the friendly islands.
Read a New Zealand newspaper 3 weeks old. (May 13th ).
Rex Finnegan and I went swimming at the blowholes yesterday. There are many
different fish in small pools. We also saw a water snake which we tried to
catch but were unsuccessful.
The sanitary conditions on the island are very poor and we are going to try to
clean up. It seems that the natives have developed immunities to many diseases which
are apt to prove serious for our force. They are content going along as they
always have and it has been found that they promise to reform but readily
dispose of the idea. There was considerable hookworm on the island 30 yrs ago--
but Dr Lambert (“A Yankee Doctor in Paradise”) introduced a privy named after
him which had cut the incidence considerably.
The native drink is Kava--nonalcoholic—which the natives make from a root which
they pound-- add water to it—then dip a rag into it—and then squeeze the juice
into a container. They used to make it by chewing on the root and spitting it
into a container for the consumption of others but this practice was stopped
because “TB” was spread in this fashion. There is a high incidence of “TB”, and
typhoid on the island. There is no syphilis but a moderate amount of G.C. I
have seen only one saddle sore and no other stigmata of yaws and have yet to
see any Elephantiasis altho there is supposed to be some on the island
June 5th
Has been raining torrents all day. On arising before dawn our clothes were all
wet. The bed felt damp and sticky. We started off on our detail and took
specimens of water from three wells for examination.
We are really getting a good dose of tropical rain. Reminds me of Sadie
Thompson.
We organized an officers club last night and are going to build a thatched hut
near our camp area. Altho liquor is prohibited we probably will have some good
times there—as a meeting place.
The nurses have more or less been a thorn in the side of the unit. It has been
very difficult to please a few—especially the chief nurse. I believe that most
of them thought they were going on a picnic. On the whole I believe that they
are an inferior group of nurses and none of the medical men bother with them.
They are the only white women on the island—so the infantry, navy etc. call
upon them frequently. There is some debate as to permit them to join our club
but I think that to bind the group more solidly their membership will be
passed.
Arising before dawn reminds me of general quarters at dawn aboard ship during
our trip here. At that time and at sunset all guns were manned at dawn and
sunset visibility is greatest. There was a grand scramble for the guns after a
whistle sounded. If you happened to be in their way, sleeping on deck you’d
have all you could do that to be trampled to death.
June 6th
It rained all day yesterday and last night and the mud is deep.
Medical meeting last night—. Burns was discussed after a paper was given by
Locales. Dr. Steadman discussed the topic in relation to his experiences on the
Solace at Pearl Harbor. He said flash burns predominated enveloping the body
and that those who were most fully clothed fared the best. Those who wore
shorts had enveloping burns of the body except for the midriff and he
emphasized the importance of full apparel at all times.
Tagging those who had received M.S. so as to prevent repeating the dose and
knowledge of the use of the plasma set up was also urged. He stated that many
walked aboard ship and died another 2 hrs. Locales emphasized the importance of
preventing shock, sepsis, and scarring.
Part 3 (Joseph LaBarbera, MD) June to November 9, 1942
June 7th
Visited the premier's office yesterday—. He
was not in but his secretary attended to our business which was to arrange with
a contractor for the construction of our Officers Club. We had a chat. It seems
that at one time the natives had an alcoholic brew—which they made from
oranges, raisins, etc. This was very potent—and was called “one and torrent”
because of its potent effect. It was banned because it caused many deaths.
On our way back we dropped in to see Manasi at his home—to have a better
translation. He is a native governmental water inspector and speaks pigeon
English. He asked us if we wanted a banana and when we accepted his offer he
gave us a bunch. His daughter translated the letter very shyly. Their home
consists of two thatched huts in a clearing about 50 feet back from the road.
They have a horse, chickens and pigs, but as usual no furniture.
I received my first mail yesterday. –from Eula and Margaret and Father
Madden—Was glad to hear some news from home. Wrote some letters in return. I
hope that mail will come in regularly.
We had our second Tongan lesson last night. It does not appear to be too
difficult. An hour sitting on the ground becomes pretty uncomfortable.
June 8th, 1942
--Yesterday was a quiet Sunday—Heard last night that the attack on Midway
resulted in a great navel victory for the allies and that the war is past the
half way mark.—I hope!!
We had to walk down to the church well for a water specimen—as our gas is low
and is being rationed. No more long trips for a while I guess.
I also understand that an American convoy has reached India. I hope all this
good news continues.
It gets dark here shortly after six—There is a 15 hr. difference between here
and New York—. I suppose with daily saving and war time that it gets dark at about
10 P.M. there.
We learned last night that we will have to dig fox holes beside our tent to
jump into for protection in case we are raided. Blackout will start June 13th .
All movies have been canceled (and other R.C. activities due to shortness of gas).
The pastor at the church here is a Frenchman, about 30, who lives by himself.
He appears tuberculous and has a dry persistent cough. He leads a lonely life.
The PX truck was here a short while ago so I bought some washing soap, hard
soap for ocean bathing, writing paper, flashlight batteries, candy, and
crackers.
Admiral Byrd is supposed to visit us today.
The natives are going to build us an officers club—and in return we are going
to give them a picnic with beef. It has been decided after much controversy to
permit the nurses the privileges of the club. I think a more exclusive one will
built thereafter.
Most of the men are itching for the war to be over and to be at home. After
dark there is not a thing to do—except to chat and go to bed early. A lot of
steam will be let off when we get back to the states.
June 9th
—Yesterday was a quiet day—Inspected sanitary conditions of natives in vicinity
of our bivouac. Not so good! Went swimming yesterday afternoon.
Last night I learned that the Japanese were on the way to get our convoy and
were intercepted by our navy—-resulting in the battle of the Coral Sea.
A coconut fell on the tent last night—sounding like a bomb. I thought that the
time had come.
The natives of Houma turnout out this morning bearing gifts, woven carpets,
beads, woven tops, chickens, a duck, bananas, oranges and other things, as a
sign of their friendship. The put on Hula Hula dances with grass skirts, and
sang. We reciprocated with cigarettes and candy and some danced. We all enjoyed
it.
June 10th
Another group of natives returned yesterday at noon—bearing tapa cloths, beads,
coconuts, many stalks of bananas, breadfruit, crabs, and chickens as gifts. We
reciprocated as in the morning with candy, crackers, and cigarettes. They made
Kava going thru a ceremony than a while doing so and passing it out. It does
not appear very enticing. They then followed that by natives dancing and
singing. It was a very fine demonstration of the goodwill of the people. The
chief of the island was present.
There were about 40 stalks of bananas so I took a stalk as did others, for my
tent.
After the ceremonies one of our soldiers was struck in the head by a coconut.
Luckily he has his pith helmet on and was not injured seriously.
Jim Jones and I went to stake our grounds for an officers club—-However we
found a more suitable site and staked that off intending to use it rather than
the original. We cut down some young Guava trees to make steamer chairs—but
decided that we'd let a native Beni make some cane chairs for us.
Tongan lesson last night—Getting down to sentences now.
June 12th
For the last few days here done very little of interest except to help
supervise with Jim the construction of the officer's club. The natives have
made considerable progress in the past two days and the thatched roof and walls
of woven coconut leaves have yet to be done. It is a big job and since it is
against the law for them to accept money for construction just now since
government buildings have priorities we bought for them 158 lbs. of beef to
evade the issue. However we are afraid that all work will stop as soon as they
consume the meat. They cook in deep pits using coconut leaves as fuel and wrap
their meat breadfruit leaves and roast it. They also roast large yams some of
which are 2 feet long and 6-8 inches in width. The end product of both of these
is not very attractive but relished highly by the natives.
Jim is a great one for getting work out of them. But the last straw which
resulted in rebellion was when he asked them to construct a “parquet” floor out
of coconut trees. The major h objected. However we will have to plan some sort
of flooring.
They offered us some Tongan Kava yesterday but we refused.
We were supposed to have a Tongan lesson last night
but inasmuch as we had a movie scheduled—it was called off. The
natives have peculiar names e.g. Motoka—named after the first automobile—on the
island—and Manwar—after a battleship. They usually have one name.
June 13th
Went to Nukualofa yesterday afternoon in the truck—making three or
four stops on the way. Picked a water spec on the way and dispatched it to the
Solace.
We visited the PX—and bought a few odds and ends. —but never again as I
had to wait 1 1/2 hours before service.
Had a rough trip back on a load of lumber in the rear of the truck.
Medical meeting last night followed by a movie “Carefree” with Fred Astaire
and Ginger Rodgers. The first movie in 2 months.
We had a real downpour this morning—and it is still raining. Sorry that I put
on fresh clothes this A.M as my trouser legs are all wet.
We have to carry our gas mask and helmets when we leave the area now. Feel
foolish—but perhaps the safest policy.
Complete blackouts starts tonight.
June 14th
--Rained all day yesterday—mud is thick and deep—. Hard to keep anything
clean. Half the roof of club has been completed—coconut leaves.
Wrote three letters yesterday—to the family, Frank and Nancy, and Aunt Marge
and Uncle Jim
Bull session last night—to bed at about nine.
June 15th
Attended 2 services yesterday--mass at 10AM and General services at 11 A.M.
Was asked to set up another medical tent in the morning—but took some time
to get started—as a tent was assigned which had two large trees
growing in it—and the tent was split in two places to accommodate
them. Also had trouble w/ Capt Horn in regards to supplies
but it was straightened out—finally got the place cleaned and leveled
and set up 20 cots with the aid of 6 enlisted men.
Saw a native yesterday with his foot bitten off by a shark.
Father Tremblue--a Bostonian Catholic missionary to Habai a hundred miles
away—visited us last night and recounted some of the history and
habits of the Tongans.
Tongatabu—means forbidden south—in as much as it is impossible to land on
the south coast due to the rugged coral reefs. Tonga—south.
A native boy when he is 18 receives 18 acres of land in the bush and
1/6 acre in town. A state of socialism exists so that they
have to pay for very little. Medical attention, education, are free but they pay
about 9 l a year as tax.
At the wedding many gifts are brought, tapa clothes, mats, etc.--but the
bride and groom receive nothing but the mats they sit on. All the gifts go to
the relatives of the bride and groom. The bride is the examined on the night of
the wedding to determine whether or not she is a virgin. If she is
the father is given an additional feast for preserving her
virginity—but there have been very few feasts according to the Padre. If two of
their women are in love with the same man they try to bite off
each others nose so that they will lose their
attractiveness. The Padre states that the natives are very affable and kind—but
they have to be watched as they are perfect actors and may lie and
resort to thievery and maintain their innocence.
They also have a peculiar since of humor and do not think what we believe is
humorous to be so—but they get a big kick out of hearing that a person has
fallen from a coconut tree and broken his neck.
Obstetrics is in the hands of midwives and the mortality is becoming
lower. The women are held in high respect and do no heavy work in the
bush--and work particularly lightly after bearing children until the child
is developed. Some nurse their young for about 2 years which accounts for the
irregular in conception. Adultery and fornication used to be punishable by
death.
The furnishings of each house consists mainly of mats and tapa cloths. They sit
on the floor with legs crossed and have other mats which they use as a
beds—using a block as a pillow. They wrap themselves up in tapa cloth
which is supposed to be very warm—even covering their head.
They bury their dead in sand—which accounts for many of the graveyards being
located close to the sea. The bodies are enclosed in tapa
and then mats and sand is dumped in by basketful by the
natives--.The ceremony is carried on with considerable
wailing. Fine gravel and sand is mounted in squares on the grave. No
flowers are allowed to grow on the grave as they believe that if the
root should grow down and touch some particular part of
the corpse some member of the family will be afflicted with
some illness in that area. They are very superstitious. There is a story of a
woman who complained of seeing a native boy about 19 walking about her place
after death and burial . She had seen this several times—so the
natives dug up the corpse and shot it three times with a shot gun and reburied
it. This ended the episodes.
Smoking in the area of a graveyard is supposed to
incur the anger of people buried there. The Taw—lala—is a mat worn and tied
around the waist which is supposed to be a sign of respect in the presence
of a chief—or is used by men in mourning. The women in mourning let their
hair hang loose.
Their names translated into English sound very strange and
disrespectful—e.g.--Old Pig, Hen Manure, Rotten Banana—but they don't
think anything of it unless these appellations are used when the
person has the another name.
On the night of the wedding ceremony afinimatus (married women) go
home with the married couple—sleep in their hut—which is divided in
two for the night by Tapa cloths—and after the act look for blood stains on the
white sheet which they have placed on the marital bed to determine whether
virginity was shed.
The sarong woven by the natives is called Lala.
The Kava ceremony is the mark of a social gathering. Kava- nonalcoholic has a
numbing effect from the hips down—and causes a tingling in the fingers. It is
very refreshing and does not cause one to perspire. It is impolite to
refuse. In as much as it is disgusting to see it made up and served I
am afraid that have been rude. There are no intoxicating beverages on the
island.
The people are supposed to be very clean—but I have failed to
concur with this. It is a grave insult to say that one went to bed without
taking a bath.
The Wesleyan's made it a law about 100 years ago that both the upper and lower
parts of the body have to be covered—in contrast to Samoa where
women are uncovered from the waist up. To disregard this rule means
fine or imprisonment. The natives have considerable pediculus capites.
Mothers while fishing with nets out of the children's hair crack them with
their teeth, eat them more or less in revenge for biting their
children.in Samoa males are forbidden to wear anything above waist.
Tonga is noted for its tapa.
Hopai- (the same word as Hawaii and Java-igi (small Java)] is
noted for its finally woven mats. The padre has been there for 20 years.
Houma-where we are-so noted for its rats.
The natives have no tables and eat off coconut leaves and make cups out of
banana leaves. They have two meals a day--. One at about 9 AM. which is hot—the
men do the cooking What remains they hang away from the pigs which are abundant
and eat it cold later in the day--as they are too lazy to cook a second time.
Dish-washing is the pigs task.
Friends relatives, children are spectators at deliveries.
The padre states that there has been only one murder in 50 years--the culprit
was hanged. It would be impossible to commit murder and dispose of the body as
everybody knows everyone else business.
The natives eat the entrails of pigs--eating one end while the other is
cooking--like spaghetti.
June 16th
Worked at the ward yesterday to put it in functioning order. Went to the
Novena last night and then to a movie and saw “Meet Dr. Christian” with Jean
Hersholt. The officers club is about completed except for cleaning up and
making a garden. That's all.
June 18th
Visited the Methodist College (Tubow College)
in Nuku’alofa yesterday afternoon with the intention of
buying some native products. The children were having their field day
races, sack races, coconut husk peeling (six in approx minutes)--coconut tree
climbing (5 ft—ascent and descent in 15 seconds). They looked just
like monkey in the ladder events--. In the descent they could come
down faster only by throwing themselves off the tree. Was
surprised that they were not injured.
Girls were very adept at juggling five guava at one time. There were many
things on display—Tapa Cloths, native combs, grass skirts, woven masks, Kava
cups, odd shells; However, they did not want to sell most of their goods and
the least I could do was to buy two grass skirts. I believe that most
will be sold to the natives to sell at a higher price in town.
The natives are money conscious now and try to charge exorbitant prices. I
enjoyed the afternoon however-.Our means of conveyance was a truck
Beer is not being distributed
June 19th, 1941
Not much new. Went swimming yesterday. Learned last night that Major Adams, Chief
Engineer, was drowned in the afternoon while fishing near the
airport. Struck unexpectedly by a big wave, probably hit his head against
coral. He was aboard the Barnett. A wife and five children are left.
Saw "Laddie“, a movie, last night.
June 21st
Has been raining almost continuously for the past two days—and daily for weeks.
We are in the rainy season—and I have never seen so much. It is almost
impossible to keep our tent free of mud. It is useless to put on fresh clothes
as they look like the devil" in an hour.
We had our “backyard” lengthened about 12 feet—supposed to be 15ft for the two
shillings I promised. Liksae, “the nobleman”, has been stirring up trouble
with our workmen--telling them that we have been
underpaid and they are laying down on the job.
Beer is now available—a case per week for each officer for two
dollars. I got a case yesterday. Went to town yesterday morning
and picked up 10 benches for the hospital and officers club.
Played cribbage last night with Jim—had a few beers, argued with Elias about
socialized medicine and went to bed. A lively Saturday night.
Have to have my ward in spic and span condition for Major General
Richardson tomorrow.
A coconut missed me by 5 feet yesterday.
Had to get up at 1 A
Hope to get some mail in a few days. Wish I were not on the island now. What a
life!!! Rats, bugs, ants, rain, mud, poor food, no
conveniences whatsoever, diversion is practically nil. But C'est la
guerre. I believe that all of us will be much more tolerant when we get back
because this is really low, but I suppose things could be worse.
Radio accounts do not appear quite as favorable now.
A rumor was passed around during the week that Italy had revolted and
martial order was declared--but this had not been substantiated and
I'm sure is untrue. The end would seem much nearer if it were.
June 23rd
Rain and mud. There has been practically no let up. Have not done
much except to get the ward in condition. Its probably the best
of the hospital now. Also attended to a few things at
the officer’s club. I saw Johnny last night—his arm is still weeping.
I'm having an X-ray taken to see if there are any calcified parasites. He gave
me a pineapple. Went to the novena last night and then to a movie "Five
Came Back" which I had seen about 4 years ago. Went swimming in the
afternoon. Some nurses came along and caught a lot of the men short.
Heard that mail won’t be in for two or three weeks.
June 24th Found 7 Patients in my ward this morning—one was medical. Felt rather
disappointed as I was happy to have a pure medical ward—in as much as I
took considerable interest in getting it in shape. In all fairness it should be
strictly medical—but they say there are two ways to do things—the right way and
the army way. Pretty disgusted as to how things are run in
general. If this war were run as efficiently as affairs in civil life
we'd feel much more encouraged about its duration. Too many
clam diggers have too much to say.
Asked McKelvey this morning— if I could handle ward in addition to O.P.D.
The other day. Will request him now to learn his plays as they were.
Sent an elderly Tongan—70 years old—in the bush this morning—a relative of
Papua—who has a large indolent ulcer of his right lower leg and ankle in all
probably on a scleretic basis. Advised rest, elevation, soaks, and
strapping. Will see again in another week.
Attended another Tongan lesson last night. Attendance has been
cut down markedly. The Colonel, Majors Ackaly and Kidder and
myself attended.
Went swimming yesterday and enjoyed myself. Major Adams body has
not been found and doubt that it ever will be.
The Major General failed to show up—probably due to the inclement
weather.
Wrote a letter to Margaret yesterday. It must be nice on the island now—and I
wish I were home. Pretty well fed up with everything.
There are rumors that we might go on to Australia. Would appreciate the
change. Radio reports from Japan that Tonga Tabu was raided and bomb
and Nuke’alofa laid in ruins. One bomb could do that. The New
Zealanders (Col McLead) say that the hospital would be the most likely place
to be bombed as everything is in the open—uncamouflaged. Somebody is
wrong—and I hope it isn't us. I believe that if a transfer came up, I'd
grab it.
June 25th Went to town this morning via truck and picked up coral from the
shoal00and also 12 chairs for the officers club. The coral is
to be used in soakage pits. Took a walk to the blowholes last
night—it began to rain—but this did not deter the swimmer on the beach—nurses
and probably the infantry. In the past few days the natives have been pounding
away at their tapa00which is made from the bark of the Tutu tree
which the tapa cloths are used for blankets, table cloths, etc.
We had pounded with a rolling pin like a hammer—on part of the circumference
of the tree. It spreads out many times it r
We had meat and potatoes for the first time on the island. The meat
was roast beef with gravy and although we did not have much it was
equivalent to a feast. Our values certainly have changed.
I understand dog must is part of the natives diet.
I learned last night I am to present a case tomorrow night at the medical
meeting.
The working men have walked out on was could not like to be told what
to do. The enlisted men will probably have to finish the club.
The queen was supposed to open parliament today—but it was
called off—probably because she is shy and not like to appear in
public. Some of the men were disappointed as they were
set on seeing the ceremony.
June 27th
The rain has let up. We went out into the sanitation detail and spent the
morning in the Jeep.
Went swimming yesterday and the water was fine. Presented a case of
Tertiary Malaria last night at the officers club which will be
opened to the members soon.
I am going to try to get a native girl to do our laundry and
keep our tent tidy.
I OBTAINED a large lamp can for foodstuffs which is hanging in
the rear of the tent. Its impossible to keep the ants and rats
away otherwise. The place is alive with both.
Was OD the other night and administered 5 cases—infected mosquito bites,
pneumonia, 2 food poisoning and a peri tonsillar abscess. Had to get
up at 1 AM.
Frequently think what the folks are doing back home. It is about 8 AM now and
3PM in the afternoon up in New York. The family is
probably down at the beach for the summer. The slackers back at
the hospital took at
beating this morning--Tammy, Been, etc.
June 28th
Took the worst drubbing in my life in the Jeep yesterday. Rode around all
morning through mud and bumpy roads. The jeep was swinging and swaying,
skidding and slithering like a snake.
Another aviator went down yesterday morning at about 8:15. Mac saw him
twirling; nose down, about 2 miles away. He apparently straightened out but too
late as he flew into coconut trees. I understand that 3/4 of his head was
knocked off. He was 23.
Arranged the furniture in the club yesterday and last night.
Beautiful night last night—full moon, star speckled sky, coconut tree, and
quietude. A great night for the infantry.
The Barnet
Arranged the furniture in the club yesterday and last night
June 29th
Rained quite a bit late yesterday afternoon (Sunday) and the roads
were still in a bad state this morning
Have a chance to see many beautiful scenes while making rounds in the Jeep.
The island is certainly very beautiful and I wish I could snap
some photos--but regulations forbid. Had a bull session with Father Lynch last
night--which lasted 3 hours from 6-9 PM. We discussed many things and
aired our views.
Learned that an unidentified plane flew over last night--but was not
fired upon so as not to attract return fire.
All diaries are to be destroyed if an emergency occurs so as not to
give information to the enemy. I hope that all my efforts in this direction
will not be in vain. About thirty native women are working on our clubhouse
floor today. It will open this week. I went to SOS (Service of Supplies)
to obtain a refrigerator that belonged to Major Adams but was
unable to take it back in the Jeep, as it is too big. Also inquired about
some wire at the Naval supply for our electric lights at the club. Mail has not
arrived yet. I hope to get some soon.
Parliament opened today and the ceremony is taking place at
the Tubou Methodist College. I could have gone--but thought it best
to attend to sanitation rounds. Several of the officers went. I’ll hear what
they have to say when they get back. I hired a woman to do my laundry and keep
my tent for about $1.10 a week. Never did care for housework.
June 30th
They say that the opening of parliament was worth seeing but lasted about 10
minutes. Last night saw “Love Affair” with Irene Dunn and Charles
Boyer. I had seen it 3-4 years ago. However, I enjoyed it probably more than
the first time. Saw some nice tortoise shell ware this morning. Hope
to be able to buy some to bring back with me.
The British, Chinese, and Russians don’t seem to be doing very well
these days.
July 1st
Took a trip to the Horn of the Island (Manuba) and the airport yesterday. Start
on O.P.D. and medical ward today.
Last night watched
Tek, a native, make a bracelet out of tortoise shells. Expect to have some
made.
We have learned that some of us may go out on the field---to permit the medics
in the field to get up with their medicines. There is blanket rejection amongst
the 7th evict.
Went swimming yesterday about a mile from the blowhole--a nice sandy beach--but
water is very shallow.
No mail yet!
July 2nd
Another plane crashed yesterday over the ocean. The pilot bailed out but has
not been found.
Made medical rounds this A.M.--very dull.
Officers club about finished. Had to go to Nuku'alofa this
afternoon to get some wood for dance floor. Gross lack of
interest on the part of most of the officers. James and I had been
the only ones who have done any real work on it. The committee is
practically non-existent. I find that no officers like to take
any responsibility or to do any more work than they have do.
No mail yet--making it a month since we received our last batch. Expect a lot
this time.
Have a native woman who fixes up our tent now.
July 3rd
Put over a big deal with the OMM--Capt. Gilliman. Got enough lumber to
floor our living room in the club. Truck was bogged down wheel high
in the mud yesterday. Saw a movie last night--a detective thriller.
July 4th--Far from home--and no firecrackers. We’re in for a quiet 4th.
The officers’ club opens tonight and we are going to have the 147th
Inf. orchestra there. The club looks nice. I spent last night there, listening
to records and bought a couple of cans of beer that were
cooled in our refrigerator. I believe that the club will be a success but
I‘m finished working on it.
The morale is pretty low in the outfit. There is a lot of
discussion as to how it is run and the Lt. Cols as
well as the Col. have been taking a verbal beating. Things are
run slipshod with no organization. A lot could be done to
improve the morale.
No mail yet. The last mail I received was dated April 29th. Over 2
months without word from home.
The airport was on the alert the other night when the unidentified plane flew
over--and they were all set to go up. It seems that the pilots are
being turned out without sufficient training. Up in Samoa they started with 45
pilots and have 20 left--the others killed through accidental causes. I hope
that Ed does not pass--and is retained on the ground. The glamour
passes off when faced with reality. The pilot who bailed out the other day
has not been found--neither has the plane.
Had fresh eggs this morning--the first in 2 mo.--since leaving the ship.
July 5th--Had a nice day yesterday. In the afternoon I attended a “feast” given
in honor of the birthday of the Mayor’s grandson who is 5 years old.
I gave him a can of salted peanuts as a gift. They mayor of Huoma--Hoka
received. A lei of flowers was placed around each of our necks and
there was native hula dancing by the mayors' daughter Lissell. We then
went into the feast--arranged as seen in the movies. All of the food
was spread out on banana leaves. There were yams, roast chickens, roast pig,
coconuts, and fruit salad. The chickens were cooked with their heads.
Although the spread was nice, I had too many inhibitions and just ate some yams
and fruit salad. A girl of about six had a hula and “monkey face” dance. She
was really marvelous. It was surprising and enjoyable to see her
gracefully move her hands. We had coconut and papaya juice to drink and sat on
the floor--legs crossed.
Last night had a party at the club. It was a big success. We had a large
tarpaulin spread on the ground to dance on. The beer
flowed freely--and many felt it after 5-6
cans--probably due to lessened tolerance. There were some there who
had more than beer, I’m sure. I had a few dances-with Margaret
Benoit, Freda Patterson, and Kay Smith. The party broke at about 11 O’clock.
The pilot who was lost the other day dew a hand for
a two dollar bill, and wont the night before he bailed out
(2 dollar bills are supposed to be unlucky).
We have to carry our gas masks and helmets to from the hospital area now.
Something may be in the air
I’m O.D. today. I hope its quiet. A great night for the infantry.
July 6th—Quiet day—yesterday. Swam and basked yesterday afternoon—and spent the
evening at the officers listening to the Victrola. No O.D. calls.
July 7th—Helped Jim stake out an area for the non-commissioned officers
club-house. Went to see Hokafoma the mayor of Huoma with Jim to
determine who is to construct the building. The government set a price of 15
L---about $50. Spent the evening at the club. Inspection this morning by
General Lockwood and the Governor General of Fiji.
The inspecting party passed right by my tent—sans inspection. I managed to
get two letters off today—one to Frank and Nancy and one to Ed. Spent the
afternoon reading at the club as I was OD ing for Jim who went to a
feast.
Checked up on a dozen soldiers who had received lot #368 of Yellow Fever for
their immunization dose. It was found to be “impure” and several of
our men have come down with catarrhal jaundice. There are 6 in the hospital
now. It was prepared at the Rockefeller Institute and is a serious
mistake. One has developed a pulmonary complication. The weather is beautiful
now—mild--with blue skies, fluffy clouds.
July 9th—Am preparing another medical ward and expect to have it ready for
patients tomorrow. Things were all messed up as usual in army affairs. It
seems that everyone except me knew about a new ward until 4:30 PM
yesterday when the supplies were all ready to be shipped to it. Many
annoying things occur which could be avoided through better judgment
farther up.
I learned that I am also to treat Yaws—several cases have been picked up
by Kahn test. I picked up a case of Hepatitis today—one who had received Yellow
Fever #368.
Saw “Lucky Partners” with Ginger Rogers and Ronald Coleman last night. It
rained very hard but most stuck it out although dripping wet. I expect that
there will be another movie tonight.
Have been reports that signals are passed at night by Tapa tappings
which are heard all day. Some one may have insomnia
and utilizing his time. However, it is being investigated.
No mail yet!
Have a boy at the ward who fell asleep while a guard at the watch tower—he has
been a prisoner since May 27th and will probably get a year and dishonorable
discharge.
Apparently things are very quiet here in the Southwest Pacific—but I
guess you can't tell when things will break.
July 10th—My ward is now working. I have four patients—who came in today.
Worked them up in addition to two consultations. Been working harder
the past few days. Was a bit peeved because they sent patients
before we were fully set up. The seem to things the last minute
without foresight. Our supplies are scant –and it would be impossible to
have satisfactory setup for 750 pts for which our unit is
designed.
Am all set to treat the Tongans.
The rumor that the Queen Mary was torpedoed is false—as proved by a
soldier here who took the trip in it to Australia around Cape Town.
Have a hunch that ships conveying our mail may have been sunk—since it has
been such a long time since our last mail.
July 11th—Worked up several cases to-day. Most are U.R.I. And Enterocolitis and
one toxic neuritis and acute catarrhal jaundice. Took a swim and bath this
afternoon. The hard soap makes the hair feel thick and full.
The novelty has well worn off and although everything is quite
different from the states—people, dress, thatched huts, scenery—no
note is taken of them now. The only striking thing that draws the
attention is the peculiar scent common to all the natives—as they put coconut
oil in their skin and hair. They are very proud of their hair—and
dislike to have it disturbed. They use a yellowish clay when washing
it.
Spent some time this morning burning brush about 20 ft behind my tent. Want to
get rid of it as it is a great nesting place for rats.
The days are cooler than they had been, but mild. However it is
comfortable with a field jacket.
Wrote to the family and Margaret today. No mail yet but expect that it will
arrive the first part of next week.
We would all be happier if we did not have to get up at dawn daily. The
carrying of gas masks and helmets has become irksome but has to be done.
Sunset falls early here—at about 5:05 since we are in the middle of
winter.
July 12th—Sunday--Went to mass—after making rounds and working up a patient.
Nothing much doing. Had some fun with Alley and Gaypol at Dinner. We find that
we have several mutual acquaintances. Alley said he knew a girl from Long
Beach—whose father was a realtor—and could not recall her name. However—he said
she had big teeth—and I immediately said Jean Walden—and it was correct. We had
a good laugh over the meagerness but the accuracy of the description. He also
knows Chris Mitchell who was a patient at P G.
Some rumors about messages being sent out to submarines via tapa tappings.
Seems farfetched but may be so. Communication wires have been
snipped suggesting 5th column activity. The natives send messages all over
the island via tapping.
July 13th—Have 17 patients now—3 more for a full ward.
Last night at about four o'clock I awoke and found something running up my arm.
I hastily shook it off—but realized that it was still within my mosquito
netting. I jumped out—put on my flashlight and rummaged around—whatever it
was disappeared—a rat or lizard.
I found a rent in my netting where I had burnt—but repaired about 2 mos.
Ago. Just served it up. An unpleasant experience.
No mail yet. Am looking forward to it. Probably will be in a day or so—I hope.
July 14th—Have a pretty full ward but nothing of any great importance—but
get a kick out of running it. Had O.P.D. This morning. Saw about 20. Rumor that
the ship that was carrying our mail broke down and had to go back to Honolulu.
Somebody took possession of my pillow. Still sleeping on blankets altho I could
have a mattress—but I'm used to it so won't bother.
Saw a 4th rate picture last night “Conspiracy”. One of the worst I've seen
Played football at the club yesterday afternoon: out of condition: was puffing
like a steam engine in a short time. No so stiff as I thought I'd be today.
July 15th
Heard that mail ship came in and that they are censoring—ire. Spot censoring it
so it will probably be a few days before we get it.
We had permanent election of officers last night at the club—Major Jones is
President. Rosemary Byrne as a representative of the nurses—Vice President,
Capital Gaypol Secretary Treasurer, Feldman, Van Notta, Pearce and
myself—committeemen. Ruth Adkins, Grace Well—Sally Bladen are representing the
nurses in the committee.
Wrote a letter to Mary Nelson yesterday. It will probably travel ¾
around the world before she gets
“Of Human Bondage” is a fine book and probably the best I've read. I recommend
it highly.
Off to make my morning rounds.
July 17th
Mail arrived the night of July 15th and received more last night—14 letters in
all. Heard from Pop, Eula, Rose, Margaret, Rose and Edgar, Aunt Marge and Uncle
Jim. Am glad to hear that everything at home is sat. Hate the thought of
Eds success at Maxwell Field as I have been particularly conscious of
the hazards of flying since here—as three pilots out of 25 have met their death
through accidents. Too bad about Jerry being called. The family believes
according to Rose that I am in Australia—as Aunt Marge says she identifies me
from a newspaper photo. I wrote 5 letters yesterday afternoon—to Pop, Eula,
Margaret, Rose and Aunt Marge and Uncle Jim.
I was elected Chairman of the House committee and we probably have plenty
of headaches—but it will be fun too, I guess.
Saw “A Great Man Votes” last night and then played some bridge at the club.
Rose sent some photos taken I believe in late April. Was glad to receive them.
Aunt Marge and Uncle Jim and me too.
July 18th—It has raining in downpours for the first day—and things
are pretty messy—mud, dampness. Just came in and soaked up to my
knees. Tropical rain!!
Not much new in last day. Played Gin Rummy with Jones last night.
Wrote to Ed yesterday and hope my mail makes the 1st ship out.
July 19th—Miserable night—practically a hurricane. Wind and rain in torrents
all night—impossible to sleep. Thought frequently that the tent was going in
one piece. Food of bed got soaking wet—buts for some reason or other
were biting more than usual. Wind howled all night. This morning rain stopped—coconuts
and branches —mud and water all comical tent blew down—but mighty glad
that it is all over... mud and dampness persists.er—banana trees blown down,
coconuts and coconut leaves scattered all over. One nurse and an enlisted
men's pyra
The reenlistment of the 77th CA were ordered out of the hospital
yesterday. They are moving off the island to we don’t know where. Many
ships—about 15 including the Wasp—are supposed to be in the harbor. Get
homesick frequently.
Hope they make a good mechanic out of Ed. Hate the thought of his flying.
Donated $20 to the fund yesterday. Hope to get it back later. Starting to get
things in shape for the party—next Saturday—tea in the afternoon and beer at
night. Inviting the Queen and Tongan nobility to the tea in
addition to Army, Navy, Officers and Europeans.
Seems that this is going to be a long war—rather
discouraging. Hope that things will not be changed after the war.
Spoke last night at the club—drank beer—played solitaire—came home and read.
Have not heard from Frank yet!
July 20th
Gave Alley another haircut—I really got myself in for something . He
insists I do the job –and although I have no particular liking for it,
feel that don’t want to have him feel that I don’t want to do it. He likes my
haircuts better than the barbers. Hidden Talent? The only way to change his
opinion is to teethanded his scalp a few times. I feel that wouldn't
be cricket.
The officers from the Wasp visited us yesterday. They were
supposed to have been in the Mediterranean a couple o weeks ago—but the
report was published several weeks after she actually had been
that to confuse the Axis—she had already started from the states for this
destination when it was released. She delivered planes to the British at
Alexandra and has touched on many British ports. The officers' opinion of the
British is lay and they believe the Navy is much inferior and is really a World
War I fleet consisting of large battleships almost solely with few
aircraft carriers. They believe the aircraft carriers will win the war.
The 77th C.A. are leaving –probably for the front—and there are rumors
that we may leave. The building of the hospital has been off the priority list
which is a surprise to me. I hope that we will be sent up to the
front if the war continues. Have seen enough of Tonga Tabu. Played Gin Rummy
last night with Jones—won 2 out of 3. ...in one
July 21st
Spent yesterday afternoon at the club—reading Life, Time and News
Weekly. Was interrupted by 10 Naval officers visiting the club—and
they all had a beer. Went to a movie after supper and saw Lupa
Velez in “Mexican Spitfire.” The performance was interrupted and Major
Kidder made an announcement that a call came from the Whitney
informing us that a Typhoon was on its way with a 100 mile per hour
wind. We are advised to alacrity secure our tends and our
possessions. I returned after the show to my tent—drove in ½ dozen more stakes,
placed odds and ends in my trunk, and secured everything I could. We were
informed that they expected ½ of our tends to be blown down. I
went to the club and had a few beers—and then came back and went to bed. A
detail of men came around a drop a few pegs in deeper. I fell asleep and slept
like a log, although I awoke once and heard it raining on my tent---and
thought that it would not be long before we got the full impact but
promptly fell asleep again. This morning everything was calm in awakening—and
now the sun is shining brightly with large billowy white clouds in the sky.
Everyone seems tired—as many were kept up during the night. Nothing
has been unpacked yet
as the threat still persists—no laboratory work or
pharmaceutical dispensing.
July 22nd The typhoon failed to arrive-so that is one experience that
will have to wait for the future. They had a severe hurricane last year--with a
lot of damage. Learned that the wind velocity 4 nights ago during the storm was
45 m.p.h.
Went for a swim yesterday—and spent the evening at the club—reading. My
mustache is about 10 days old now—and becoming rather full.
Nothing else today.
July 23rd Was mildly ill yesterday—gastroenteritis. Feel better
today. Many of the officers and men have been troubled with it.
Nothing much is new except that it is believed that a big naval
offensive about to be started. There re about 25 warships in the harbor
now including 2 aircraft carriers (the Wasp and another) a few battleships, 4-5
cruisers, 6-7 destroyers and 5 transports with marines—tans, etc. (Probably
about 5000 marines). It is believed that they will leave in a day or
two and that a battle (to take New Guinea?) will ensue within the next week. It
will be a forced landing and I wish I were going. I understand that
there are forces now up in Fiji. Sounds very encouraging—and hope that the
offensive will be our policy henceforth.
Things are pretty well set for the party Saturday.
Have to take some of the patients down to the blowholes this
afternoon.
July 24th—Uneventful--moves last night, “The Saint in New York” with Louis
Hayward. Visited the club afterward and played Gin Rummy w/ Jones. Alley
was feeling very good having returned from a picnic where Ethyl Alcohol and
fruit juice was the main item on the menu. Rex received two abrasions sustained
from a fall on the Coral—and Col. Lockhart had pieces of coral removed from his
elbow this morning. Quite a party!!! Was invited but could not
attend since I was scheduled to take the patients to the blowhole.
Took Finnegan's rounds this morning.
The food is rank!! and I'm afraid its going to be so for the
duration. Fresh food is scarce. The food generally is poorly
prepared. Powdered eggs and sows belly are the most frequent
breakfast—and I don't touch either. Hash, stew, dehydrated potatoes, chili
con carne—are foods we most frequently—but never touch them. However,
still weight 170. Spend plenty of money no supplementary
diet obtained from PX.
One of the patients I escorted to the beach yesterday was a New
Zealand Staff Sergeant Alistair Wallace—who is awaiting his commission in the
Army as a second lieutenant. A very intelligent fellow who is a lecturer in
civilian life. He has been in the Army 2 yrs—entering it as a volunteer. Great
Britain, he says, established a Protectorate over Tonga tabu about 100 yrs. ago
when there was internal friction. Two different faction waged warfare against each
other—using machetes as weapons and seeking the crown from one another .
The king sought aid from G.B. Who sent a ship with Marines who est—with
G.B. They sent a ship with marines who established order. It was
agreed that G.B. Would protect Tongatabu from internal strife
and invasion in exchange for Tonga’s products. The Queen declared war
on Germany tow hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor all Japs were in custody
as was previously arranged—if America should attack Japan or visa versa.
Wallace's brother of the Q.A.F. Was killed in combat. He believes
that some British forces are joined up with the Russians at the
eastern front—and seems think the British are doing well—but admits that he
thinks that the battle of the Coral Sea + Midway Island were the
turning point of the war.
July 25th Worked up a good sweat this morning getting things set for the party
this afternoon. The Queen was invited but
probably wont show up. Its a job to get any work out of the
Tongans and you have to keep at them all the time. Turn your back and they
stop. Was informed last night that there is a note from
headquarters that they found a wrapper of a package for me
that was stolen. Probably others of mine have met the same fate.
I bought a tropical helmet this morning—Price $ 1.27.
Ordered also—a pint of Ethyl Alcohol just in case things are dull tonight.
Have been asked to gather information on Jaundice of unknown origin
by Col McKelvey. Lt Day and I are assigned to it.
That's all for now.
July 26th—The tea party and beer party was a great success. In the afternoon
there were several local dignitaries present—including the Premier who
represented the Queen—the governor of Vavnu and his wife and others.
Last night turned out to be a brawl. The club looked very attractive—and now we
have electricity and a radio. The liquor flowed freely and there were a few
fights. The Premiers Secretary—a Mr. Brownlee—who was very much under the
weather--- made the almost fatal mistake of stating that the American Soldier
is no good—and that a British Tommy is twice as good. Captain Johnson pulled a
knife and was about to let him have it when an enlisted man stepped in the way
and had his hand cut—requiring four stitches. Mr. Brownlee was
carried out—and shooed away. A New Zealand General was
lost yesterday afternoon when the ship went down and both he and the
pilot have not been found. The Britishers on the island re now upset because
the general would not let use the radio to try to contact them. My
estimation of the British is hitting a new low I don’t think I like them!
More aircraft carriers and other ships have arrived—the Hornet and
Enterprise—and North Carolina—and many other ships are in. There is a
tremendous force about to bear down on something in the near future.
The Queen Mary with 1000 troops-- and many other transports are in harbor.
July 29th
The last few days have been exceptionally busy—both in social and professional
ways. I received considerable mail on the 24th and 28thfrom the family and
friends—and am glad to hear that everything is well. Medical meeting
yesterday. Filariasis discussed—and presented—native--with
elephantiasis of legs and arms, scrotum, orchitis.
Am in the process of a having a cabana made on the beach for the officers and
nurses--the natives are starting on it today—for $12. It will be about 20 X
10—with partition in the center.
Have felt rather peculiar in the last few days—overstimulated--and
overactive—probably am working too hard.
A case from my ward was operated on last night---appendix about
8” long.
Expect to spend plenty of time answering mail during the next week.
Busy day yesterday answering mail. Wrote nine letters. Spend the evening at the
club.
Having trouble with the girls in the club. Refuse to pay their
fee fee since some officers have yet paid for the party. Expected
trouble of this sort.
It seems that most of the folks at home know we are—except
the LaBarbera's. Wrote a few hints in my letters and hope they
catch on.
Played volley Ball last night and had a good workout.
Was glad to receive so many letters from home. Hope that mail will come in as
promptly in the future.
July 31st.
Have answered most of my mail—14 letters in all and am looking forward already
to the next batch. Yesterday was quiet as it rained hard all day and night.
I understand that the task force was engaged in a second battle of the Coral
sea.
I have tried to give the family hints of our location.
I actually mentioned the language spoken here and hope Eula catches
on—or calls up the hospital as suggested.
The Navy was put on the alert—and also the airfield as a convey
and unidentified planes were found in our area. They failed
to notify us, however.
Aug 1st Thunder and lightning overhead—the mud is thick—has been raining for
three days. Wish I had books. Rain and mud have become almost typical of
Tonga-tabu. However, Colonel Meagher forbade pictures to be taken of
the area in this state. Practically the whole administrative department have
become unpopular because of passing unpleasant duties that are actually their
own onto medical hands. They are incompetent and inefficient. If everything
where left in our hands I'm sure we could manage much better. Some would like
to expel them from our club.
It is the 1st of the month—so I start work in two wards with Jones and Mac
Mullen. I'd like to have a ward of my own—but rank has its privileges.
I have heard no news as yet of the battle supposedly gong on. With
all the ships we have—it should be very decisive in our favor.
Although it is only 8 AM, I am working by kerosene in my tent—as have to keep
the flaps down, or the tent would be flooded.
Wrote a hasty letter to pop last night thanking him for the Toffee--wanted it
to catch the boat pulling out.
Meals seem to be getting worse---mess officer is very poor and
should be replaced. Flies abundant—utensils dirty. Had plenty of trouble
with him when I was Sanitation Inspector—but he has failed to improve and is
getting worse. Another example of poor administration. He is very incompetent!!
Aug 2nd It let up raining this AM. Last night saw “Too Many Blondes” with Rudy
Vallee—in the Force Surgeons Tent.
Mac finished up his month at the airport today—and has a growth on his upper
lip about 2 weeks old.
We were notified to have maximum bed capacity installed to take care
of possible casualties in the Coral Sea Battle.
I was also informed, confidentially, that a tremendous amount of supplies
are being shipped to Europe and a new front will be opened this
summer.
The colonel just showed Jim, Mac and me some photographs—taken about 1 ½ months
ago. I look like a seasoned veteran in one.
Have a letter that I wrote Eula returned. Was too rash.
August 3rd
Quiet Day yesterday—consisting of rounds, reading, chatting-and spending the
evening playing Gin Rummy with Mac.
Someone left a cigarette in the fold of my tent and burned a hole in it.
Probably take “years” to have it fixed.
Houma means rat in Tonga—and it seems that at one time the natives
ate them. However it is an offense now to say “kai houma” to
anyone as it means “rat eater.” Pre-marital relations are common here—as a
man is supposed to be more desirable if he has 3-4 children before
married. It enhances his chances—and no stigma is associated. The
woman is not thought of much in this respect—and there is what might
be called a mild stigma.
Would like to be back in the States! Samel our club boy quit
Sat.--so we'll have to get another. He was getting L1.103—about $5 a
month. Probably should have given him more. However, I have my first Xmas
invitation.
Aug 4th—Quiet day—Played Volley ball in the afternoon. To a movie at
night, ”Let's Make Music”, Bob Crosby and the club for a couple
of beers. All the lieutenants have to censor mail daily now. I am not
going to enjoy it much.
Am reading “For Whom the Bells Toll” now—and find it interesting.
Aug 5th—Rounds, censoring, taking the men for a swim and playing volleyball
followed by a few games of Gin Rummy at the club with Jim made up the day.
The Solace pulled out yesterday, heading west, to be nearer the scene of
activities. No elective operations are performed in the
hospital in order to have enough beds
for possible casualties.
Have not had a drink of water in over 2 mos. The water her is
chlorinated and does not taste too good. Have confined my liquids to
beverages, coffee, tea, fruit juices and beer.
Censored some mail this morning—there is considerable difference in
the way the men express themselves. Some write very fluidly,
reserved. Others overflow, gush, are melodramatic. Most to save the folks at
home any activity while few—very few attempt to excite sympathy,
concern, worriment. Some are almost illiterate but most write an intelligent—or
fairly intelligent letter. There are very few letters from which anything has
to be deleted.
I wrote to V—letters-me to Pop and the folks—and one to Margaret
before taking up again with my diary. This morning I had a haircut and mustache
trimmed--it really as though it has g.. places
I sent $170 home by money order yesterday and hope to receive and send home
also $150 which we expect to get for uniform allotments—only a small part of
the amount we have laid out for uniforms.
Aug 6th
Volley ball and then to the club last night. Read a few A.M.A. And then to bed.
On Fiji—about 400 miles from here—there are 20,000 men with 2 General and 1
Base hospital—which seems disproportionate compared to our one unit for 8000
men. There are no blackouts there and they have liquor and dancing
nightly. However we have our compensation. They have about 100 inches of rain a
year--162. I don't miss liquor at all and have become accustomed to the
blackouts.
We have had about 5 months of blackout now—starting on the ship. In
retrospect that was like a nightmare. All ports were closed at night
which made living in the cabins very uncomfortable, hot and
humid—especially near and at the equator. I tried sleeping on deck a few
time--and under life boats having to carry my mattress, pillows-etc.--Up narrow
stairways. The procedure was usually followed by rain-and we would
have to put up with it or scurry below. At 5:30 AM the alert would sound-and
would to go down below—as it was useless to sleep further. I slept on the
hurricane deck once or twice. We saw the destroyers dropping charges once or
twice. The only place there was light was in the hot stuffy washroom where
nurse and officers, both and army and navy would congregate--to read, play
cards, and the Victrola. The food was not bad—but not quite enough.
The service was poor and the servers seemed to resent waiting on us.
A few were nice—but most surly We had a couple of enlisted
men to do our rooms daily and paid them a dollar a week each. The
voyage seemed as though it would never end and I was glad when we
reached our destination which looked veritably like deserted islands—sandy
beaches with tall coconut trees in the background. I was anxious to
go ashore but had to wait 2 days before doing so—to go to work on land. An
M.A.C. tried to put me on night duty—to the exclusion of others—but I put him
in his place thoroughly and without hesitation. On disembarking I had to
descent via a Jacobs ladder with full equipment.
I have had feelings of nostalgia in and off. Although there are many
around—I find myself getting lonesome.
Aug 7th
Rounds -- a nap in the afternoon, the movies (" Joe Smith, an
American ") and the club made up the day. Also had a few games of
volleyball before the movies. I ordered seven bracelets last
night -- at the price of three dollars per and also expect to have
some rings made. I also expect to have access to tapa cloths in about one week.
Have just about given up worrying about the welfare of the
club -- the men are always ready to enjoy the privileges of the
club -- but few -- two or three, are interested in
taking responsibility and showing willingness to sacrifice any time
or effort with it. We expect to run out of beer soon -- unless
another shipment arrives. So -- -- will see what happens.
Have not heard any good news for a long time -- seems that
this war is going to be endless.
August 8th
-- rounds -- getting statistics on jaundice cases with McKelvey,
Finnegan and Day. Gin rummy with Jim -- a visit to some natives and
Father Caille in reference to the making of some native Christmas
cards -- volleyball and a dull evening at the club made up the day.
There are rumors that the task force which left here about two weeks ago
engaged the enemy (where?) and was successful in one encounter -- but
lost a the second with heavy casualties.
Another airplane was in an accident last week -- the pilot sustained
a concussion.
We're giving a party for the men of the Whitney tonight -- starting
with a cocktail party this afternoon.
August 9th
-- Attended the party in the afternoon -- Potent drinks consisting
of grape juice, grapefruit and coconut milk with ethyl alcohol were
served. Had a good dinner -- the best since on the island and then
the party was resumed. Had a very good time. The party broke at midnight.
The task force is supposed to have gained
one objective -- and unsuccessful in the second with about 1600
casualties. Rumor that the Wasp and the North Carolina were sunk. An
American submarine -- laying in wait in Tokyo Harbor is
said to have sunk in aircraft carrier just launched. I went down
to Mukalotah yesterday to buy boots -- but was
unsuccessful -- wasting the whole morning there.
Sella -- our house girl,
and Lissile Ali -- danced for us last night.
August 10th
-- Spent the whole day at the club -- with Mac, Rex, Karsi, and
Horatio -- and indulged. We had a good time -- played
basketball -- but we couldn't see the ball -- In the
evening went to Karsi’s hut. Benji came in the while Rex and I were asleep
made the comment that it looked like a two bit flophouse
in -- hotel -- I got a date and visited the
blowholes -- but I should have gone to bed.
Reports that the task force that was here three weeks ago had landed in the
Solomon Islands in New Guinea, which are occupied by the Japs.
August 11th
---Rounds -- and nap in the afternoon the movies ("Tight
Shoes" by Damon Runyon) and a few beers at the club.
Reports that we have taken the Solomon Islands against much resistance. Would
like to be there. We might just as well be back in the States as in this
position. However, they may send us casualties that might help keep us busy.
August 12th
--- The battle is still going on -- and we're supposed to have taken
the southernmost islands of the Solomon Group with some
losses -- which Admiral King states is well worth while. We have
not been getting much news in reference to that battle or that of the
Aleutian Islands.
Had a bull session with Tom and Father Lynch -- yesterday
morning – re’ the war. Lieutenants (Van Notta, Stansfield,
Pierce, Robins, Robbins, Maroon, Dinges, and myself) beat the NCOs at
volleyball yesterday afternoon -- two out of three. We have a return
engagement today. Spent the evening at the club.
I am going out in the bushes to treat Tongan children with yaws -- at
Mau today.
Have a case of Filariasis in the ward who had a large gluteal
abscess -- which was incised and drained of about a gallon
of puss.
August 13th
-- Rounds, Reading “And Now Tomorrow” by Rachel Field, volleyball beating
the NCOs –2-1 and the club.
The rats had a grand time in and around my tent last night -- running
about and squealing. They were all over except in bed with me – and I
thought they might even try that. The night before it was insects. Perhaps I’ll
get a good night’s sleep tonight. News about the Solomon’s is very
vague -- and scanty.
Aug 14th
Went to Kovali yesterday afternoon with Mac, Bill Grove and
Miss McGeloray to treat civilian Tongans. Saw the general run of the
mill—one pretty definite TB—one suspected—or probable, bronchial
asthma, bilateral pterygium, 7 mos pregnancy, bronchitis.
Definitely medicine in the raw. . Stopped at the Flying Fox Tree that
I had seen before, but which was a new sight to the rest. I guess that it will
be a permanent job for me. Also learned that I am to be a quarantine inspector
for all incoming ships.
A ship is in today—with “40,000” pounds of mail. We will probably get it
tomorrow
Tom reports we have taken three of the Solomon Islands—but with heavy
casualties, and hand to hand fighting.
Movie last night, “Ride 'Em Cowboy” with Abbot and
Costello –silly but entertaining. Played the upper ranks in
volleyball last night and beat them 2-1. Not very enjoyable as they play like
sand lots kids and argue after every point. They were ahead of us in the third
game until they tried to put over a raw deal, which made the rest of
us fighting mad—and we went ahead to win. There is plenty of enthusiasm in
the game.
Aug 15th
Rounds –Reading “Philosophy of Life”—Durant- & “And Now Tomorrow” by
Field. A swim and evening at the club. All good news yesterday. The Marines
have a good foothold in the Solomon's, three Jap ships burning, one sunk, Jap
guns silenced in Kiska, Aleutian Islands, and the Germans are withdrawing
some of their planes from the Russian Front to stem the R.A.F. attacks. The
hospital is in the process of construction. Was hoping that we’d be
out of here before they started.
There is going to be a cocktail party this afternoon for Gardner
who was recently promoted to Major.
The mail has not arrived yet.
The days seem to be getting warmer. It must be as hot as blazes in
the summer.
Shaved my mustache this morning.
Aug 16th
The cocktail party extended through the evening and a good time was had by all.
Contrary to previous parties, there were no fights as the usual offenders were
absent.
There is supposed to be mail inbound, which will probably come
tomorrow.
Aug 17th
---Slept practically all of yesterday morning—Finished ” And Now
Tomorrow” and went to the club in the afternoon and again at night. Received
about 8 letters from home yesterday and expect more today. Am glad to hear that
everything is well.
The rats woke me up last night. They made an awful racket running around in the
tent. I felt something in my foot and kicked it off. They sounded like
full-grown rats. Lay awake for 1 - 1 1/2 hours. The rain probably drove them
in.
August 18th
-- Rounds -- a letter from Margaret and magazines from
Pop -- a visit to Father Caille -- and
Papua -- the movies Fixer Dugan with Lee Tracy and the club.
We visited Father Cailles. and he said he would have Tapa cloths ready for us.
He had about 30 and we helped him in setting prices on them. They are
to be exhibited over the weekend at the rectory and we are to place
orders.
I have received nine letters in all -- and expect to respond today.
Not as much mail as I would have hoped to receive.
The enlisted man beat us badly last night at volleyball—3-0.
I had a good night's sleep last night -- if there were any rats
around I did not hear them. Some rumors -- undoubtedly wishful
thinking -- that we might move up to the Solomon’s.
Insert drawing
August 19
-- Routine day -- received more mail yesterday -- and
a package from Aunt Marge and Uncle Jim -- which contained almost
everything but the kitchen sink. Got off six letters in the last couple of
days.
Went swimming yesterday afternoon and basked in the sun. It was a fine day.
Visited the hospital being erected -- four are under
construction --41 to go. It is in the midst of jungle growth.
August 20th
-- Routine day -- rounds -- reading of Time in AM and
PM. -- and the club at night.
Was bothered by fleas all night -- scratching and
turning -- with a rat also scratching nearby. Insects are very
abundant here -- and many are hospitalized for the
treatment of infected bites
Practically all of the radio news is encouraging -- and the
A.E.F. has landed in Africa. Hope to see some action now.
Volleyball again last night -- with the captains—1 to 1.
We get radio news on the short wave from San Francisco every night. Had the
Waldorf-Astoria last week-- Xavier Cupat and his orchestra.
I made a trip to Golami this afternoon -- and saw four patients.
Nothing very interesting. Also received an appointment as Quarantine Inspector
for Tonga Tabu. Never thought I'd hold a Tongan political position. The job is
to inspect crews of incoming ships for communicable disease.
Just heard that a second front was opened in Europe today. The most
encouraging news we've had yet. I hope they drive on right to Berlin.
August 21st
-- The invasion turned out to be a 9 hr. commando raid in which
91 Allied planes and 150 Axis planes were shot down. We also lost many
tanks but apparently it was worth it.
Lost a volleyball game to the NCOs last night 2 to 1 and then went to a show to
see one of the years worst pictures – “Young America."
Spent in our so at the club and then to bed. Fine night's sleep
Afternoon -- I was here reading a magazine when I find myself
wondering off and reminiscing, about the week prior to embarking when I
was at the NYPA. Those days were just chock-full of running around from office
to office and to the pier all day long trying to straighten out our
supplies -- making sure that they were all present to be loaded and
taking in hand the baggage foot locker and bedding role situation. It
was a doost of a job and I’d be busy from 8 a.m. to 5:30, 6 p.m. or
later, butting my head against red tape and Army inefficiency,
so that I’d be dead tired on arriving
home -- satisfied to just to sit around and relax. I knew that we
were going on the sixth and I was a bit anxious to be off to get
it over with. Not many, if any of the family suspected we would be
shoving off so soon—but Ed cornered me the last night at dinner and put me
on the spot. I told them that I if I did not return home for dinner
not to expect me. Pop cornered me that night and I confessed that I
was leaving for good the following morning and gave him instructions to tell
the rest on missing me the following day that I had returned to Dix.
I felt a bit disappointed when Margaret left early on Easter Sunday—the day
before leaving for good—the day before leaving for good—as
I though it would be probably years before I would see her again—and
felt likewise when Eddie and Rose went out for the night before I was to leave.
I thought that they should have realized that I would not be around
for long—and highly possible that I never would never return. Eula and the kids
were out to a movie that night and I confessed that I was leaving for good the
following day that I had returned to Dix.
It was a rather difficult breaking away from Pop and Mom the following
morning -- but they took it very nicely. It is a rather
strange sensation when you break away from everything you known -- to
enter something which you have no power over and which in the
future you may face grave reality. I have often felt that I would not care
what happened to me -- have -- and still do. However vision
within myself becomes sharper, more distant and where personalities are
blurred they become strikingly outlined. As is probably a human tendency
I begin to reflect, as I had done before but not so thoroughly or
persistently upon what different people meant to me inasmuch
as I might possibly never see them again and find that I owed a
lot.
For August 22
-- read all afternoon, tied the enlisted men in volleyball and then
attended a lecture by Dr. Bartley, an elderly man about 70, a public health
officer who has been here for 27 years and delivered the Crown Prince. He
related his travels in yellow fever and malaria ridden Panama and
Nicaragua -- in the latter place tackling the hookworm problem, in
Peru describing a case of utu venimosa, Fiji, Wallace Islands, New
Zealand and Tonga. After that rather dull evening at the club.
August 23rd
-- Went down to the rectory after rounds with Jones yesterday morning to
help prepare the display of Tapa. There are 57 different Tapas -- of
varying designs, color, and size. I put an order in for about $20 worth which I
hope to send home.
In the afternoon I went to a track meet held at the Methodist College (Tubow).
It was a fine afternoon -- warm and sunshiny -- and many
people attended -- Natives, Englishman, New Zealand soldiers and
officers and American soldiers. The events started at about 2 p.m. although
scheduled for 1:45 p.m. (time is no element in Tonga). The
events consisting of dashes, hurdles, 440, 880, and mile runs,
relays, high jump, broad jump, Tug of war, ball throwing (cricket
ball --107 yards) were interesting although far below our standards. Pole
vault – 10ft 9”, high jump –5’'6". Hop, Skip and Jump 42
feet +. Tubo College beat the civil service and Tongan defense force. The
meet was preceded by a competitive parade from which the best person is chosen.
We went down in the truck but had no way to get there, as we had made no
arrangements. We went to the collecting station and Joe Kassol and
Landry invited us to dinner at the guardhouse and motor pool, as we were too
late already for mess at the hospital. We had steak, which looked
appetizing -- but I could not eat it as it was like leather. However
it held me over. Smitty inveigled a Jeep from the guards to take us back to the
hospital financial parentheses and our transportation problem is very poor). We
got back to the hospital safely -- Driving is very dangerous along
the dark roads in the blackout. However there was a good moon out which helped
a lot. We promptly had some drinks on Van stans and Charlie's tent
next door and all began to glow – and a good time was had by
all. I went to the club but came home and went to bed early. Mac is in the
hospital with ulceration in his nares. Was up to see him this morning.
They say another boat came in with 25 bags of mail.
August 24th
Went for swim at the Blowholes yesterday with Van and
Stan -- met Grove and Graff and was invited to join them in
a small picnic they were having to celebrate Grove’s birthday. He had received
chicken, tongues, etc. from home. We picked a nice secluded spot at the edge of
the blowhole and enjoyed ourselves for about an hour. I was O.D. the last night
and was called to treat an acute atropine
poisoning -- atropine gr 1/50 was
administered accidentally instead of 1/100. He looked in bad shape but
about an hour after physostigmine was administered he looked better.
He became excited and delirious during the night and had to be
given a sedative. I think he'll pull through.
I had quite a time with the fleas in bed last night.
Aug 25th Spent the morning making rounds and working up three consultations—the
afternoon reading and sleeping. We had a dinner celebrating Col Meagher's 25th
anniversary in the army—followed by a movie—then a party at the club where the
ethyl alcohol flowed freely in the form of a punch. I had a good time—and danced
to music supplied by the 147th which sounded like one of the big ten.
Some mail arrived here yesterday but I did not get any.
Aug 26th—Have been shaving with hot water for the past 4-5 days—and it is quite
a novelty again to have hot water. Made rounds and began to read “The Moon
is Down” by Steinbeck. Slept from 1-4 yesterday afternoon and then
spent a dull evening at the club. Heard yesterday that Brazil had declared war.
I am having some Tongan Kava cups made—about a dozen. They will make good
cocktail cups when we get home.
I foolishly made a bet of 25$ the other night that we would still be
here Sept 21st, 1943. She reminded me of the bet yesterday.
We ran out of beer at the club—and last night there were very few there. The
officer who was poisoned is getting along nicely.
Aug 27th Went swimming yesterday—spent the whole afternoon—roasting--and
finished “The Man is Down.” Pretty good book.
Mac and I imbibed last night and spent a quiet but loquacious night. Hugh came
along and we reminisced about mutual acquaintances at P & S. He is about to
tackle the flea problem—but I put in my two cents and told him the rats
should be eradicated first—as the species is rat flea. Most of the
rats live up in the coconut trees—and usually when a coconut falls—there is a
hole gnawed through it. I've never seen any in the trees. They come
down at night.
The greatest naval battle in history is said to be going on now between
the Solomons and New Guinea. We are said to have sunk an aircraft
carrier and several other ships. The Japs state they have annihilated our
fleet. Some Jap ships broke away from the main group and we received word that
they are heading this way our force was put on the alert.
Injured the 3rd and 4th fingers of my right-hand last night at volleyball
playing against the privates. They won 2-1. It is probably a sprain—but I'll
have a peak taken to rule out a chip fracture.
The sun rises earlier so we get up in the light now. It is about 7:30 AM and
the sun is shining brightly about a quarter of the way up.
Aug 28th Made my trip to Golamae yesterday—and saw about 9-10
patients, hydrathenes of the knee, low back
pain, possible tb, scabies, possible fracture of elbow,
etc.
Movie last night--"Three Sons”--which was a depressing picture, not so
good. Went to the club and played Gin Rummy with Jones.
I am to be on Receiving and O.P.D. next month—and as such am to be
part of the M.A.C and will have to mount the guard—and be officer of
the day.
We were double-crossed by our own ranking officers—who did not oppose our
taking over this job but as a matter of fact were in favor of it. Just another
thing which shows that the higher-ups don’t use their
heads—and demonstrated the way the Army works. It will be
just for a month and not too bad I hope.
My fingers feel better to day. No fractures by X-Ray.
Aug 29th—Rounds--a nap in the afternoon—and a short session with Grove last
night followed by a walk to the blowholes with Burn.
A ship from the Solomons is supposed to be in—but without
any casualties. We were preparing to take care of the wounded from the
battle going on but they were probably taken to hospitals nearer the
scene of battle.
A ship from San Francisco is supposed to be in with supplies and
probably mail.
A group had a party yesterday—and most of them appear to be
crippled in some way or other.
Aug 30th—Went swimming yesterday afternoon. The weather was hot and humid—and
the water was refreshing—although the tide was low. Went over to the club last
night—drank New Zealand beer and returned to my tent early.
Aug 31st Church and then the club where we played some baseball. Did not have
any lunch—but drank N.Z. beer and stayed at the club all day. Last night
returned to the club played Gin Rummy with James and home early.
The Enterprise (aircraft carrier), one cruiser and 3 destroyers arrived
yesterday. The Enterprise was hit by bombs a couple of times—one bomb
traversing three decks. There were 92 casualties of which about 75 were
killed. We got two of the casualties--both struck by bomb fragments--one has
severe gashes in his buttocks and legs and had his right foot amputated—and is
in critical condition. The other has had his great toe amputated and will
probably have the rest of his foot removed. They were sent on with a
diagnosis of Gas Gangrene.
Reports are optimistic. The Americans are not taking any prisoners—because of a
recent betrayal in Tulagi. The Japs had raised the white flag—and the marines
entered—but on approaching the flag-bearer jumped into a fox hole—and the Japs opened
fire—causing 650 casualties. Reminds me of the double-cross at Pearl
Harbor—with would be peacemakers in Washington.
The Americans are supposed to have got 15 Jap
ships inn Tulagi harbor. Our losses are supposed to be
slight compared with Japs. There is a compliment of about 2000
men in the Enterprise—so their casualties were less than 5%.
Sept 1
Picnic at Alleys beach yesterday afternoon—Steak, pork chops, beer and
punch—and a birthday cake for Jack Kaiser. It would be simple to break
one's neck on the incline to the beach as it is a perpendicular bluff of
coral—but there were no casualties yesterday.
A piece of shrapnel was removed from one of the men the other
day. They say the critical one is improving.
I start in receiving, OPP and evacuation today, which also includes censoring
and administrative OD on my turn. Mail should be in soon.
Sept 2nd Very busy day yesterday—in receiving patients, Evacuation, censoring
mail, attended officers and medical meeting, cut Alley's hair again, and worked
up 3 cases of Enteritis. I went to the club for about an hour and returned with
Father Lynch. We had a session for an hour or so and then I turned
in. We had individual photos taken yesterday. I hope mine turns out well as I
would like to send it home.
We arrived a 530 AM—as dawn breaks earlier. Awoke several times during the
night since it was very cold.
Most of the news over the radio sounds encouraging. In the Solomons 35
planes dove on the Enterprise and all but two were shot down. Apparently
the Japs are being slaughtered in that area.
Our food has improved a little—as our offices are paying more than the allotted
amount. It was getting so that I could not touch the stuff. Powdered
eggs, salty sow belly, hash, chili-con carne, dehydrated potatoes,
Vienna sausage, shredded beef, but now we are getting fresh beef-and occ.
fresh eggs. A rarity down here also is fresh pure water—miss it frequently. We
drink nothing at meals except tea, coffee and canned fruit juices. Have had 2-3
drinks of water in about 3 mos.
Sept 3rd Very busy day—treated yaws in the Tongan Soldiers yesterday. There are
about 10 receiving treatments-catharses. There only complaint is sore
feet—which appear thick with deep fissures on the soles. Some have had 4
shorts—so I'll have a Kahn done next week.
Answering sick call, and receiving comprised the rest of the
day. Some of the men are very prolific in their correspondence. There
is very little censoring to do—as most of the men keep within the limitations.
Had a busy morning—admitted eight patients—mostly surgical and sutured a deep
laceration of the hand of a Tongan boy. The children take pain very well
without a whimper.
=
I just got rid of my Tongan Dispensary job and feel that it is going
to make a premature death. The T.M.P politely informed Jones that he
thought he could take care of everything and would request
our assistance if he thought he needed it. I believe some must think
we are meddling Americans and I am not quite sure that they are
wrong.
The Tongan soldiers receive a shilling a day—amounting to about $4.75 a month.
We pay our kitchen help –natives wo wash the pots and pans--$6
per month. Father Lynch requested that I see a native girl—one of Father Calais
helpers00who has been sick for 3-4 days. I visited her last night—and after
some difficulty in getting a history and doing a physical as 4-5 members
of the family crowded into the room—I hazarded a diagnosis—which under the
circumstances may or may not be right –but I expect to see her again tomorrow.
Father Callais is a French Catholic Missionary—and has been on the island—about
4 years and has his lifetime to go. It takes a lot of gumption with that
outlook—to take a job like that. I've seen him frequently riding at a full
gallop down the road in his black Cossack, black split fedora, black beard. He
is a fine man and would do anything for you. I believe that our being here has
been a pleasure for him.
I hope that the col and general do not have any more brainstorms
about how to keep us busy—with dispensaries, First Aid—etc.-as we have enough
to do without going looking for it.
Sept 4th—Wrote a letter home and took a nap after working half the afternoon.
Saw a “Dead End Kid” picture last night which was not so good. Things
are pretty quiet here and there is not much new
September 5th
--A party for the opening of the nurses reception room last night started off
sedately but ended up in a brawl-- I had a very good time. The 7th Evac,
officers from other outfits--and some of the Navy and a few New
Zealanders were there. The officers from the South Dakota--a new vessel in the
harbor--are going to supply their orchestra and 50 gals. of ice cream
tonight for a party at the Officers Club. The 147th Inf. orchestra supplied the
music last night. This morning the environs of the newly opened reception room
is strewn with cans.
The pilots from The Enterprise did a good job at the Solomons--each of them
have about 10 planes to his credit. They have flown in practice combat with the
army pilots here and shown them a few tricks they picked up from the battle to
beat the Japs in combat. The Army planes are faster but the navy planes are
better at maneuvering. The latter put a big hole in the Jap Air force at the
Solomons.
Lt. Mosley (margin note: “subsequently killed in the Solomons”)--the atropine
poisoned patient--has a responsible position w/ our air
force here, and says that we suffered many losses at the beginning of
the war because men were sent into combat zone with only
3-4 hours experience and that many of the deaths were accidental.
Today is Pop’s birthday--and I wish I were home to celebrate it with him. I
hope that he will have many more--happier than this year.
September 6th
--Spent a long day in receiving yesterday--from about 8-4:30 and felt a
bit worn out from the night before. The Commander of the South Dakota sent
his 21 piece orchestra--and fifty gallons of ice-cream for a party last night.
It was a very fine gesture. The orchestra was very good--and some of the sailors
had played with “big time” orchestras in the states. Punch was also
served, and a good time was had by all.
A new task force is being formed here and there are several vessels in the
harbor: They say that several more including transports arrived yesterday. The
aircraft carrier ”Saratoga” is expected today. The South Dakota
is a newly commissioned battleship of about 35,000 tons. Some of
the men went aboard her this morning. I had to attend receiving, etc.
This morning an Engineer, Major Eudal--a patient in receiving--told
us that the North Carolina was overtaken by 4 Jap cruisers. She proceeded
at about 20 knots/ hr--and then opened fire--sinking two
cruisers directly--and chased the other two sinking them also. He has
traveled through practically the whole South Pacific--by plane--Aus., NZ, Fiji
and states that the general consensus of opinion in those parts is
that the war will last 8-10 years. Those who are more optimistic say 5.
Solomon--my laundry man--brought me 7 Kava cups yesterday for my cocktail set.
The 37th Division is supposed to move up to the Solomon’s--we are
part of the 37th--so it is possible that if this is true we might
move up also.
The Barnett and The American Legion are in port--as transports.
Sept 7th--
Morning in receiving--slept in the afternoon after starting “Return from
Dunkirk.” Dreamt that I was received in the English Court, received a
gift of a pipe from the King and Queen--and was made Commander of all
English forces in Russia. Also dreamt that I was home and shaved and dressed in
the street--as has been our custom here.
We are going to have another party tomorrow night for Admiral
Fletcher, Vice Admiral of the task force that was engaged in the Solomon’s. He
stated that in Tolagi--700 Japs were ambushed but only two taken
prisoner. They are slaughtering them since the Japs have been treacherous--e.g.
throwing grenades at First Aiders going to their aid--and cutting them down
with bullets when they approached.
The Elliot--one of the ships in our convoy was sunk in the
Solomons by a Jap ship which dove onto it after being struck. Sounds like
suicide strike but from I heard from Moseby who spoke to members of the
Enterprise the Japs don’t go in to much for suicides dives as
reported--if at all.
Our mail ship which is about one week overdue is thought to have been
sunk or disabled. Too bad--but it may come in yet for all we know. The
Wisconsin---here almost 2 weeks ago and carrying 5 med. patients and Col.
Blakelock back to the states is rumored to have been sunk.
There are over 30 ships in the harbor now--including the Saratoga, convening
for another attack in the Australian area. We received only two
casualties--most of them were sent to Australia and proximal bases.
The South Dakota left yesterday. With all these ships in harbor we are a good
target for a Jap attack-but they are probably too busy in the Solomon area.
Some of the men have dug fox holes behind their tents--about 5” to
5’-2” to jump into in case of a raid. I have yet to make one. Our place will be
in the hospital and not like ostriches in a hole.
The fleas ate me alive last night and it took some time before I
could get off too sleep. They are black--oval--the size of a pin head--and
you can see them jumping but its hard to catch and kill them. They
are rat fleas.
I happen to think of the dreary day April 9th when silently and
surreptitiously our ship the Barnett slipped out of harbor; none of us allowed
up on deck. But it was a bad day--small snowflakes began to
fall and it looked dreary. One of the girls ran to her
cabin and began to weep. Wall all felt rather low--because although a great
adventure lay before us we might never get back--and if we did
get back, who could say how long it would be. Yes! It was a depressing
sight through that porthole--and we had 30 hectic days before us before we
reached our destination. We had to wear our life belts throughout the whole
trip--supposed to even while in bed. The belt consisted of a band of
canvas about 4” wide strapped around the waist--and blown up automatically
by shooting off two cylinders of CO2--by squeezing two levers together in the
front near the clasp. Some received a surprise of their life when accidentally
the tube was blow up by compressing the levers. The trip probably was about
10-10000 miles, as we did a great deal of zig zagging.
4:55PM- Aprox 12 PM in New York. Seven more ships arrived today--bringing the
total up to about 40 in the harbor. The Captain, three doctors (Harden, Brown
and Price) were removed from the Barnett for talking too much.
Penalty??
The meals are improving-had fresh ham, fresh mashed potatoes and fresh cabbage
tonight--with tea and fruit salad. We are chipping in $4 a month more in
order to have better food. The food furnished by the army is not too
desirable and we definitely get fed up with it.
The Barnett has the wing of a Jap plane which landed aboard ship as the plane
was falling.
I admitted the 1st solder of the Tongan Army--who was inducted 3
years ago. A.S.N. 001. Furunculosis of the buttocks.
Was greeted this morning by an exceptionally large batch of mail. The boys
are particularly prolific with their correspondence over the
week-ends. Will probably be snowed under when the mail arrives.
Sept 9th
--The medical officers from the Barnett spoke yesterday at the club. They
related the various types of injuries sustained at
the Tobali and their treatment. There must have been plenty of
casualties. The first group of Marines and sailors who landed were all killed.
They do not say much of the actual combat.
We had a party last night in honor of the Vice Admiral of the Fleet Admiral
Fletcher. There were about 75 to 100 Naval officers and aviators present
including the Admiral. Purple death acted on them very quickly--and
they seemed to have had a wonderful time. I got back to my tent at about 1:45
AM.
From what I hear, just about the whole naval staff were “knocked cold” by
Purple Death and were lying all over our grounds and stumbling about. I hope
that they recover fully before they go into combat---because they’d take a
shellacking now. The South Dakota on leaving here went up on a coral reef
and was damaged. It will have to go back to Pearl Harbor for repairs.
Another example of carelessness.
Our losses at the Solomon are greater than broadcasted. The whole first detail
of marines to land were knocked out completely. They expected
85%--50%--35%--and very little loss in the last wave with cleaning up on this
final wave. The Japs apparently were laying in wait. There was one story of a
Jap throwing grenades from a coconut tree. A soldier got him--but was
wounded by a fragment when the grenade fell out of the Jap’s hands.
Sept 10th
--Mounted the Guard yesterday afternoon--all in all it was very successful
I am O.D. and was up before down this morning--to awake the other officers at
dawn at 5:30. I am taking a revolver--without bullets. It seems foolish but
denotes authority and is supposed to command more respect.
The Barnett brought down three planes in the Solomons. We have had many
aviators visiting us. Most of them are very young.
We consumed 40 gals of Purple Death and 35 cans of beer the other night for
approximately 150 people. They began to drop like flies at about 10 PM and were
lying all over the place. Those fellows set out to get drunk and they
accomplished it in a very short order. I guess they deserved it. They seem to
be a fine bunch and if were given my chance again I would probably
join the Navy.
Mail is supposed to be in. I hope so but it means a lot of work and
sorting.
Sept 11th
--Had an uneventful day as O.D. and was relieved at 4 PM. Movie last
night “The Vanishing Virginian” with Frank Morgan. Movies of the trip down
the Atlantic Coast and Neptune services aboard the American Legion were also
shown. Some good shorts of the other transports and battleships of our convey.
I believe I forgot to mention that our ship broke down in the Pacific for about
8 hours and we thought were going to be left behind to do the
best we could--however the remainder of the convey went ahead about
3-4 miles and waited for us. We proceeded the remainder of the
journey partially disabled.
No mail yet--there is supposed to be a supply ship at Fiji.
We got a warning last night that the barometer was falling and that another
typhoon was coming along--to loosen up the tent ropes and secure every thing.
However it rained a little during the night and I slept outside with my side
flaps up.
I believe that everyone agrees that our C.O. is a definite failure. He seems to
be interested only in photography, the Tongan language, and the farm. He sells
us officers farm produce for our mess at city prices, in spite of the fact
that his expenses are practically nil. He is one of the most unpopular men
on the unit.
A task force set out from here yesterday morning--destination unknown.
Marie--my maid--brought me two more Kava cups yesterday. I have a dozen now.
Tekit-Tekit has not finished by bracelets yet.
Sept 12th
--After a day in receiving--where I wrote four letters in the afternoon, I got
a ride to the Collecting Station with Colonel Meager, Maj. Kidder, Misses
White and Ricky to relieve Landry and Warner for their holidays. Things
were very quiet during the night--and I slept soundly--although
the other men said that there was quite a storm during the night with plenty of
wind. I slept on Warner’s air mattress and it felt good. This morning I rode
down to the dock with Landry and the ambulance and the scene was attractive
with 12 ships in the harbor--Saratoga, South Dakota, a couple of cruisers, Hunter
Leggett, Barnett, American Legion, Vestal, Arctic (latter two--repair &
supply respectively). We had eaten breakfast over at the Provost Marshals. The
enlisted men are very pleasant--and go out of their way to please.
Last night they made me a toasted cheese sandwich and this morning an egg
sandwich on toast. A fine bunch of men.
No mail as yet.
1 PM--Had lunch at the P.M.--and took a ride down to the docks. There are four
small supply ships in--w/ 117,000 lbs. of meat aboard. There was a pair of
depth bombs perched on the stern which looked ominous
Just stopped in at a nearby yard and saw a turtle approx. 4 ft by 2 ft by 1 ft.
The Queen has one on her grounds that was given her by Capt. Cook.
Sailors were fishing off the side of the supply ship--one harpooned a dog fish
but it got away.
All the battle ships except a cruiser and destroyer have left the harbor.
It is said that we are called a task force rather than an
expeditionary force as F.D.R. said that there would never be another expeditionary
in one of his previous speeches.
The marines went ashore on their hands in the Solomons--60% casualties on the
1st, 20% on the second--and practically none in the 3rd. The Japs fled into the
woods and trenches, and gas was used to drive them out of the trenches. There
are some stories of atrocities--which may be true or false. One sailor whom
Sgt. Weinstein was talking said that we had new losses, having seen 4 cruisers
going down. He said that none of our planes were in the air. The Jap suiciders would
cover their faces with a Jap flag and dive. The Elliot met its fate this
way--and the Barnett narrowly escaped a similar one.
Sept 13th. Went to the opening of the infantry club last night and had
a pretty good time although it can’t compare with the parties here.
One of the members had to sign for the D.Z. beer that they
served--and charged a quarter per bottle. I had a few dances--the 147th
furnished the music. Party ended at 11 --and rode back to camp in a truck
with other officers and nurses. I received another notice today that one of my
packages was stolen or lost.
Rumor that the American Legion is going to Australia and on its return the
147th is going to practice shore parties which sounds as though they
will be leaving in the near future--but this needs confirmation.
I gave the boys at the C.S. a couple of dollars to buy some steak for
themselves yesterday. Nice bunch of boys.
Sept 14th--Worked in receiving all day--Quiet day--uneventful. Some of
the marines are said to have been caught in swimming at the
Solomons and mowed down by the Japs. Frank Fletcher--Vice Admiral, was in
charge of the task force in the first Coral Sea Battle. They were
supposed to meet our convoy--but intercepted the Japs instead. There is a
good story of the battle in the August issue of the Readers Digest.
The Japs captured in Tulagi were marched before the intelligence and
questioned with a bayonet to their backs and then disposed of. One officer
(US) was killed after giving a cigarette to a supposedly wounded
Jap--and while lighting his cigarette. The Jap drew a knife and stabbed him.
Bananas here for the taking and said to be selling for $1 a dozen in the
states.
1-2:30 P.M. I am scheduled to take the men down swimming this
afternoon--things are run abominably --and if I ever should get out
of this army, I should never want to have anything to do with it. Our leaders
are very incompetent, inefficient, irresponsible and I beginning to wonder how
we can ever win this war with such a group directing us. The leaders of our
particular unit are not only a disappointment to me but to most of the others.
A 12 yr. old child could run things better. I’m pretty disgusted and irritated
by it all. I think if we do win this war it will be by sheer weight
of production. There are too many grocery clerks and soda-jerks in the driver’s
seat in the army. The Navy seems to have very competent men. I have often
wondered why the Army and Navy never could get along but now am beginning
to see the light. If I had to do it again I’d join the Navy--but
would preferably be a civilian.
No mail yet. They say a ship carrying our mail was sunk between San
Fran and Honolulu.
Sept 15th--My notes of yesterday
sound very venomous--but its the truth. You think of such
things but don’t like to write them until you overflow with ill-feeling--then
you don’t care and write candidly what’s on your mind.
Took some patients for a swim yesterday and finished “Return via Dunkirk.” They
are repeating the films that we have seen--as we have received no new
movies. The men look forward to the movies as diversion is scant on the island.
The Red Cross is supposed to supply entertainment and diversion but
this is an organization that has yet to prove its worth. It is a farce--and
they do very little of anything that could not be taken care of by
the men themselves. We have six Red Cross workers on the island--3 men and 3
women and yet to see any good done by them. I have wondered what
percentage of money donated actually reaches the purpose for
which it is intended. The people are being hoodwinked.
There have been a few laughs--although we deeply regret the incident--about the
South Dakota running up on a reef and ripping out her bottom. She is newly
commissioned --and will have to return to Pearl Harbor for repair. She set
out in the morning after the party--refusing a pilot--and subsequently met with
her misfortune. We think our party might have been responsible for this
accident. Purple death--Wow!!
We were all heartened yesterday when we heard that mail was in but were let
down--as it was Navy mail. Morale has been low in the outfit and something
is needed to pick it up.
The two casualties brought from the Solomons are doing nicely.
The recently commissioned battleship “Washington” is in--and is apparently
going out soon as they are loading supplies. Mail is also in and we will
probably get it tomorrow.
We had an officers meeting today. We discussed the guard situation and also
mess. We have decided to have a mess committee to improve the eating
conditions of all.
I am pinch-hitting as AOD for Captain Johnson this afternoon.
Sept 16th--received mail from home last night and today from Pop, Eula, Frank,
Margaret, Rose, Edgar, Aunt Marge and Mary Nelson. The news is good.
Everyone is fine. It will be a great day when we get back home again.
Sept 17th. We expect more mail to come up today--as another mail ship came in
yesterday. Feast or famine. I’m delaying my correspondence until all of it is
here. Had a very poor night last night getting asleep--the flees were
like vultures.
A Lt. Col of the marines gave a lecture to the Commanding
officers pf the task force. Contrary to radio reports,
invasion pf the Solomon’s was a flop and the featured are
very discouraging. The marines on landing at Guadalcanal sunbathed and shot
coconuts out of trees. The men consisted of recruits called to
service last spring and were young, irresponsible, undisciplined. When
supplies were placed on the beach--supposedly about 5 ft high and 1/4
mile long--the marines and Navy had a squabble as to who was to move
it. The navy was supposed to be back on board in 16 hours--instead it
took 3 days to get back--giving the Jap Navy time to assemble and sink 6
cruisers--4 American, 1 Australian, 1 Britain, with a loss of about 1200 lives.
When the Japanese planes came over Hell broke loose and there was shooting in
all directions indiscriminately--shooting even in the direction of
the other allied ships. However 23 Jap ships were
brought down--i.e. all of them. On arriving at the island--there was no
opposition---there no Japs to be seen--only coolies who ran to the hills
and hid. One soldier stepped on a coolie who dug a hole and buried himself
almost completely with dirt and straw.
At a landing on one place--the Japs raise the white flat--a Lt. Col.--and 23
others (including an MD) went to the meeting place in two boats. On landing at
the appointed place, the Col. dismissed the boats and told them to return at 12
noon the following day. After boats had gone--the Japs opened fire--and killed
all except a sergeant and a corporal who escaped by swimming back. The marines
went in down and killed all the Japs. No mercy was shown. At one landing
place, 20 boats were beached with troops. That evening a ranking
officer went to the beach and counter 35. He inquired where the other came
from. Fifteen---the difference were Jap boats. The Japs had landed in the dark
unobserved.
The marines were at a loss as the Japs were shooting from the tops of the
coconut trees./ However they soon settled the situation by ramming the trees
with their tanks and shooting the Japs “on the wing” as they fell. When they
ran out of ammunition or bayonets got stuck they went after the Japs
with knives--unmercifully--to avenge the treachery and to avoid more.
After the cruisers were sunk the Jap force turned to North Carolina
(previously recorded), but the N.C. sunk four of their cruisers.
The marines were told before landing to destroy all Jap installations.
However they needlessly went too far, destroying valuable instruments which
could have been put to good use by our own forces including an
expensive radio and flashlight.
Thirty-four bombers were destroyed (Japs). There was a total loss of
about 98 Jap planes to 19 American. However, the whole invasion was ill planned--with
very little gained-revealing lack of discipline with poor leadership--and poor
cooperation between the different services--resulting in great loss of life and
property unnecessarily. We can’t with this war if practices like this continue.
The task force had stopped at the Keys to practice landings. Three officials
went ashore to make arrangements--but then because of some move of
powerful Fijian politicians, so that they wouldn’t have to move the
natives away from a desirable area--the force was given a rocky beach
to practice on--which resulted to damaging 20 our landing boats.
It’s going to be a long war!!
Sept 18th--The people at home now think that our engagement in the
Solomons was a big success. If they only knew. I received some more
mail yesterday, including a letter that I sent Ed on July 27th
which was returned as unclaimed. It must have traveled about 20,000
miles--there and here. I have written three letters so far. Rose sent me a 1
lb. box of Sherry’s chocolates--and are they good.
We had practice exercises today--informed that we were to receive 250
casualties. Gets one thinking how you would conduct things if such an event
were actual.
Sept 19th--Uneventful day yesterday--wrote several letters in the afternoon.
Quiet evening at the club. Played Gin Rummy with Dinger. Wore socks over pajama
bottoms last year but was bothered by fleas nevertheless. The
nuisances bother me every night.
A member of the War Dept. is visiting this morning. Reason?
Sept 20th--Uneventful day. Was groggy from censoring mail. Had a couple
of drinks with Grove and Graft and went to the club and played Gin Rummy
with Schlesser. Won one dollar. Mass at 6:20 this morning.
Raining pretty hard for the last hour. No work for me this Sunday
afternoon.
I spread naphthalene on my bed and on the bed and floor and chairs and had a
relatively good nights sleep.
Sept 21st --Read and swam and basked in the sun yesterday afternoon. Had a
few drinks in Graves tent--went to the club and lost $13 in poker. A lot of gambling
goes on--one enlisted man won 3000 (illegible) . One of our own men
has won over $1200.
The N. Carolina is in. Four bodies were removed and buried on the
island. Moving pictures were taken to show the family that they had a
decent burial.
Received 3 more letters--which had gone astray from Margaret, Rose and George.
Mary --my maid--presented me with four tapa cloths which she has made. Has
been raining rather hard for the past day--slept with my flaps up--and luckily
did not get wet.
One of our sergeants was called today to go back to the
states. Its a fine break for him--so now he is on his way.
Received a letter from Margaret today postmarked June 1st--almost four months.
Sept 22nd--Storm yesterday--wind and rain--coconuts and leaves all over.
Cluster of coconuts fell on my tent. I thought that the skies were
falling. Terrific noise. Would have killed anyone its way. Today it is sunshiny
but muddy.
Spent the whole night in my tent--played Gin Rummy with Schlien--won a
dollar--and then read. Slept peacefully in spite of the raging storm.
I have to mount the guard today--start as O.D. at 4 P.M.
Rumors that we are going to be sent back to the states--but I
don’t believe them.
Sept 23rd--It is 6 AM--crisp but promising to be a good day. Was up at
5--awoke all of the men--made rounds at the rock and blowhole post.
Mounting the guard went very smoothly yesterday. It was quiet last
night so I retired early and read for a while. No
body takes the alert seriously--as there is no sign of activity
anywhere.
Sept 24th--Uneventful day--relieved of the guard at 4 PM. Lost 1.25 to Gaylord
at Gin Rummy at 1/4 cent a point.
The Navy says the that Hornet and another aircraft carrier
have been sunk.
Sept 25th. Ancient movie last night--Queen of the Mob. Loudspeaker broke down
several times. Poor show. Had a busy time frame. Was at my battle station at
about 5:45 AM and spent the whole day in Receiving alone as Grove went to
(illegible) to buy supplies--steak, etc. for a picnic. He was all worn out when
he got back. Reminds me of how I used to run about when building the club. We
expect to have the picnic on Monday--3 days hence.
Sept 26th--Quite a busy day--in receiving until after 4 PM. Took Bill’s place
this afternoon as I am going on a picnic with “Cafe Society” tomorrow
afternoon.
Both the Wasp and the Jarvis--a destroyer-- are said to be sunk.
The Jarvis has been officially announced. The Wasp sinking has not
been disclosed as yet. A torpedo is said to have struck its
magazine and it blew up. Both of these were in port about
seven weeks okay. Only 50 men out of about 2100 are said to
have been saved.
Tekit Tekit brought my bracelets yesterday--10 in all. I hope to have some
rings made for Pop, Ed, Uncle Jim, Harry, Frank, and Jerry.
I have a good collection to send home--bracelets, Kava cups, grass skirts, tapa
cloths, beads, and sheets.
Sept 27th--We held a party last night with local dancers. It was a failure--and
a disappointment to most. Got home rather early--before midnight. Spent
the morning in receiving. I don’t believe I’ll go on the picnic this afternoon.
Will probably sit around at read. “Tonga Lil”-- Dr. Baileys half cast daughter
was present and danced.
Sept 28th Yesterday was quiet--Receiving in the morning--read and sleep in the
P.M. Had a few with Alley in the evening--and to bed at about 9 PM. Had a good
night’s sleep.
Sept 29th--Went on a picnic with Alley, Jones, Ben Farmer, Grove and Graff
yesterday afternoon. Had a fairly good time although it rained intermittently and we were
occasionally enveloped in a spray from the Blowholes. We could not use the
beach and had to make our fire about 50 yards back because of the rough ocean
and spray. To cap it all. I had a sore throat and a mild feeling of general
malaise. We had steak which was in the tough side, onions, bread,
butter, beer, purple punch, and shelled walnuts. We returned at about 5:30 PM.
We had a movie, “no Nannette” which I had seem about 3 years ago. It
was pretty good--but we got a little wet as it drizzled and rained.
Sept 30th--Quiet day--read in the afternoon--To the club last night--where it
was very dull. Session was Father Lynch--then to bed. My cold is worse--in my
nose and chest now.
The Washington is in again--and hear that it is going back to the states. About
fifteen patients left for the states yesterday (w/ Certificates of disability
discharged). Things have become very monotonous and dull here. Not a thing to
do at night. Would almost welcome a few bombs to fall.
We have to be at our battle stations at 5:30 AM now. Another silly regulation.
Oct 1st--Felt pretty low yesterday--but improved considerably in the
evening. Quiet day. Club at night--played Gin Rummy with Dinger.
Oct 2nd Started at Med. Ward yesterday. Tongan dispensary at Kolavai in
the afternoon and saw about 10 patients. At 4:45 about 40 of us (nurses and
officers) set out by truck for the USN Battleship Washington. We picked up
3 WAACs, and boarded a launch and some got quite a dousing on the
trip out. We were received very cordially and were
shown about the ship--which is the sister ship of the N.
Carolina-- 35,000 tons. It bristles with all type of armament--the largest
are 16” --of which there are 9. I met a Lt. (1q) Meinschen from Indiana
and spent most of the evening with him. We had a buffet supper--with ice cream
and cup cakes and saw a movie “Babes in Arms” which I had seen before. it was a
very pleasant evening and we left at about 10:30 arriving at the
hospital at about 11:30.
I learned that the WASP definitely was sunk south of the Solomons
and that the N. Carolina was struck by a torpedo. The Washington is the
only Battleship left in the area--and will probably back to the
states. Many lives were lost in the Wasp sinking.
It seem that we are actually losing this war with so many of ours
ships being sunk and so little being accomplished in the form pf an
offensive. However. we are building several 45,000 ton ships to be
followed by 50,000 tons ships.
Oct 3rd. Capt. Horn is unwrapping some supplies--bandages etc.--found
that they were wrapped up in newspaper from the last war--in one
section Wilson stated that we would fight until Germany surrendered
unconditionally. Little did they suspect at the time that they would be
used in a war 24 yrs later.
Session with Ally, Benjamin, Horn, and Finnegan last night--in which a lot of
dissatisfaction with the manner by which the unit is run.
Col. and Kidder went into dinner just after the rest of us last night and had
steak--bad for the moral. The dissatisfaction is general--and the
administration unit is generally disliked and disrespected.
On my trip down in the Atlantic when the German submarine was
contacted the Hunter Leggett was put on the alert and there
was general tension aboard the ship. There is a story that one of our
officers was so affected that he manifested it by a sympathetic response
witnessed by a private who was promoted to an NCO to keep his mouth
shut. (The officer was K.). We knew about the submarine--were not put on the alert
since the destroyer dropping depth charges. On reflection I find
that I had not extraordinary sensation at all--and took it as though it
was an everyday occurrence.
Oct 4th--Quiet day--Rounds, read, wrote two letters, played Gin Rummy at the
club with George--won 30 cents. Home at about 10:20 PM.
Fire call yesterday--fire with brush near the new hospital.
Oct 5th--Rounds, church, and read all afternoon after rearranging footlocker.
Rained all day and is still raining. Session with Father Lynch from
about t 5:30 until 9:30 at the club discussing various topics and
drawing plans for the new chapel. It was very dark out and Father Lynch had to
find his way by lighting his cigarette lighter. He just stopped in and said
that he had forgotten about his study club at 7 PM last night.
Was bitten frequently by fleas in bed last night--Not too restful
sleeping--and my chest cold is about the same--hard to get rid of.
This time last year I was preparing to leave on my cruse. Plenty has happened
since then--travel, new experiences, mode of travel, etc. I think Ill be
perfectly satisfied to settle down when and if I ever get back.
Oct 6th. Usual day--rounds--reading, a letter of a war of recommendations for
officers training for an enlisted man. A nap in the afternoon. The New Zealand
beer I ordered last week arrived last night. 60 1 qt. bottles--cost 11.00.
Saw “Mad Miss Mareson”, a mystery last night--then to the club where I
listened to a transcript of a World Series game. Cards won 9-6 against the
Yanks.
The weather has been bad--raining intermittently for about one week--plenty of
mud.
Oct 7--Rounds--medical reading--officers meeting followed by medical meeting.
Officers' meeting a farce--Filled with lame excuses by the CO for not doing
things of importance around here--which does not flatter our intelligence
any. He should have been forced out--with a camera. No one respects
him--as a leader he is a total failure.
Some mail arrived last n night but I did not receive any (air mail
from Suma)
Won 38c from Gaypol last night from playing Gin Rummy. The rain has
stopped--sun is shining and it promised to be a hot day.
The news is promising-but I don’t know just how much to believe. We are all fed
up with our position now and are hoping for a change.
Oct 8th Received 21 letters yesterday and spent 2 hours reading it. It felt
good hearing from all at home. Got a letter from Ed, also. Will take time
out to respond today or tomorrow.
I went down to the rectory for the Tapa I had ordered from Father
Calais, paid $16.30. There are some very nice pieces.
Spent the evening at the club--Margaret's sending me a subscription to the
Readers Digest.
Oct 9th Rounds, medical reading, wrote 3 letters, attended clinical meeting
(almost wrote "mutiny" instead of "meeting") --movie
"East side of Heaven" and to bed. The 147th has been put on
the alert and will probably leave--probably to reinforce the Solomon’s.
There has been plenty of dissatisfaction about the mess--. There have been
attempts to improve it--a mess counsel has been appointed--but their
hands are tied since Weinberg is refractory--and backed by the
Administrative Corps. The only way it will be improved will be to
oust the mess officer. The Quonset hut obtained for the mess are
being sent to the farm. Our farm is the only one run by the Army.
Oct 10th--A year ago today I started on the Caribbean Cruise.
Nothing new--wrote some letters yesterday--read--and went for a swim in the
afternoon--and took a walk with Eleanor last night. The nurses had a meeting
with Col. Meaghan last night and threshed out a few difficulties but did
not accomplish anything. There is a lot of dissatisfaction due
to mismanagement --but things will just continue without
any change.
The 147th Inf. will leave in about 4 days with 1400 men--for a small island
about 200 miles from here--and are going to prepare it as a base of
some sort. Yesterday was uneventful. I packed away the gifts I bought--and will
probably send them out in a few days. Lost $1.00 to Willy at the club last
night.
Changed my insignia from shoulder to collar--removing the U.S. Wrote to the
children yesterday. The men who just entered the army are receiving elevations
in rank, those who are even stationed there. It hardly seems
cricket--as will probably remain in the same rank. Thank the Army
Book #2
Personal Diary of Lt. Jos F. LaBarbera
Task Time 0051 I
Tonga Tabu (Houma)
(Task Force Disbanded)
Fiji (Sambeto Valley)
Oct-1942-June 1943
Oct 12--Columbus Day--but its just like any other day. Holidays are a
thing of the past for us--and they come and go without any comment.
On starting on this second book, I only hope that we shall be out of here
before I finish it.
Received a letter from Barbara Allen last night full of information about P.G.
Thomas (?) is a commando and in transport now. I wish I were with him--He had a
streak of luck when he could not get his teeth fixed in time. I hope to see him
out this way some time.
Oct 13--Rounds, medical reading, a session--movies (Green Hell”) and a game of
Gin Rummy with Gaypol--won 21 c.
A supply ship came in--the first in several months--now I can shine my shoes
when I have not been able to do for about a month.
The days are rather long. We get up at 5:30 and go to our battle
stations--where we stay until 6:15. We then dress, shave, and go to breakfast
until about 7:15. I return here--write in my diary, read or write a letter and
then make rounds until about 9:30. Then 9:30 to 12 I read some medical
literature and spend the afternoon reading, napping, or taking a swim. At 4:30
we have supper after which I make brief rounds to see if all are comfortable
and then usually spend the evening playing cards--at the movies (twice a week).
I usually turn in at 9:30 or 10 PM--read for about 15-30 minutes to end the day.
All our days are for the most part identical.
Oct 14th--Medical meeting yesterday--Saw a case of elephantiasis of the
genitals. Day presented the case of atropine poisoning which I treated and also
one of strychnine poisoning from habitual use of alophen.
Heard the president’s speech last night --transcribed--over the radio.
Heard today for the first time that the Duke of Kent was killed in a
plane crash.
Rumors are scarce these days.
Beat Jones at Gin Rummy last night.
Oct 15th--Quiet day--read all afternoon--Life and Time. Gin Rummy with Jim--and
just about beat him.
A circular came from the war department, asking for volunteers for the
parachute corps. Day is thinking of going--and I’m considering it. I’ll wait
until I get more particulars.
Part of the 147th inf is moving out today. I think they are
headed for the Solomons where it is pretty hot--as there is a
lot of fighting going on.
Oct 16th--Thought out the proposition about the parachute troops thoroughly
yesterday and decided I’d pass it by. Had a real hard job making up my
mind.
There has been considerable activity in the Solomon area. The Japs destroyed
over 60 planes in a surprise attack, leaving only 13. There have been ship
losses too. The folks at home get only the rosy side of the picture. We've had
terrific losses in that area.
Took a swim yesterday. Movie “For Love of Money” last night, then Jim beat me
at Gin Rummy. We now mess in a Quonset Hut which is a big improvement over the
tent.
Oct 17th--There is plenty of activity down here--12 Army flyers left
yesterday--notified at 12--left at 1--for the Solomons. Four Jap
transports were sunk yesterday--but our position in the Solomons
is said to be precarious. We lost a lot of our power this last wee.
There is a rumor that 2 captains and 1 Lieutenant from the unit are to leave
but I'm rather skeptical about it. Day is all excited about the paratroops--and
was talking in his sleep last night--mumbling parachute troops. I am going over
to force headquarters to mail my package. (Jim just told me that there is no
transportation si I'll have to let it go for a while). I am sending
24 tapa cloths, 12 kava cups, 7 bead necklaces, 2 grass skirts, 10
tortoiseshell bracelets, 4 shells. There is nothing very appropriate for men
folks in the family.
Very
beautiful red lilys are in season now--they are of a
deep red, and grow about 4-5 in a stack. I've never seen
anything like them before.
Some planes were in
the harbor yesterday practicing strafing of ships.
Oct 18th--We have only half of our air force now--about 12 pilots and
planes. The Japs are said to have landed at Guadalcanal. I'm afraid
we are going to have plenty of casualties.
Mailed the package yesterday-- and wrote a letter to the family and then
invested in some clothing at the PX--socks, shorts, handkerchiefs, boots and
caps.
There was a party at club last night for the Hunter Leggett Officers.
It was not as good as our past parties--However I enjoyed the orchestra music
(147th Inf orchestra). I had had about 3 1/2 qts of New
Zealand beer---most while playing Gin Rummy with Jim in his tent before the
party.
I received my uniform allowance of $150 yesterday and will send a money order
at the beginning of the month.
Oct 19th--Rumor running about that Guadalcanal has fallen to the Japs-15, 000
troops are said to have landed. These rumors have not been
confirmed
Went to a movie down at the naval base yesterday afternoon--Went down in the
truck with about 6 others. “A Gentleman at Heart”. Played Gin Rummy with
a Schleiss and won a dollar.
The morale is slipping and about 6 of the men are taking strongly to drink and
wander about drunk all day. There will probably be a lot more before this is
over. Harris’ tent went up in flames last night--the whole front flap and
mosquito net were ruined--it happened about midnight and Gardener
and Johnson were suspected of setting it ablaze. There are no other
officer’s tents to replace it. A mean trick if it were intentional.
I saw the Barnett in the harbor yesterday--and would give almost anything to be
embarking for the states.
Watermelons are in season now. --Complaints came in that the natives are
missing a lot of them from the adjoining property. Watermelons cost $1 for 24
lbs.
Day has been going about in acute depression since the General would not permit
transferal to the paratroops.
Some airmail arrived last night but I did not get any.
The weather has been getting progressively hotter--but very cool at night. I
have been reading behind my tent--and have been gradually acquiring a
tan.
Oct 20th--Today is Eddie's birthday. I hope that he will have many many more.
The 147th is moving out--probably to the Solomons.
Twenty-eight ships are said to have been sunk at Pearl
Harbor--and 2000 were killed in an administration building which
collapsed.
Saw a relatively good movie last nite, “Dangerously They Live.”
I had a close-up of a young flying fox yesterday. It was about
6” long--with a wingspread of about 20”--claw like feet-- covered c’
fur and it also had a tongue. The head looked like a foxes. The wings were
membranous. The face was rat-like.
Oct 21st--There is plenty of activity going on--The 58th Pursuit Squadron
has been alerted--and is going to be replaced by New
Zealanders. The 1st Battalion of the 147th has gone--and the 3rd has been
alerted--the 147th will be no more when they are gone; the 2ndbattalion is
at Suma. They will all probably see action in the Solomons.
Our task force is under General Harmons who is stationed at New
Caledonia. We might be moved out after all.
They say that 100 WAACs from New Zealand are expected here in the
island and they will be welcomed.
Our nurses in general are of very poor
quality--inefficient--irresponsible, altho there are some good ones. There is a
lot of friction amongst various groups, and they have a very poor leader who
should have been removed before we embarked. For the most
part they are a coarse group and are much provoked because the doctors pay
very little attention to them. I maintain that things would be much better
if men were given a short course on nursing in the states---to go overseas
as nurses, and to leave the womenfolk at home. We’d be much better off without
them.
Oct 22nd- The 147th is not heading directly to the Solomons but is going to an
island about 200 miles N.W. of Fiji-- and about 500 mi from the Solomons.
(Santa Cruz)
One of our nurses, Miss Callahan, was married yesterday. Until almost
2 mos ago this was not permitted--She married a lieutenant in
the 77th C.A.
I wrote to Gladys Ojida yesterday-in response to a letter I received
about 10 mos ago-. It will probably take quite some time to reach
Santiago, Chile.
The public at home, according to reports. (radio- magazines, newspapers)
think that everything was in our favor in the Solomons--- However, the
Japs are preparing an offensive which I believe will recoup the
islands without much difficulty. A few weeks ago the Washington was
the only battleship in that area--and she left because it would have been
suicide to remain. Tonga has been in the past the rendezvous for our fleet
before entering into the Theater of Operations. There has been no
such activity in months. The taking of the Solomon's was no great victory
as is commonly believed.
Oct 23rd--We lost two more destroyers in the Solomon area in the past few
days--the Meredith and the O'Brien. A few were lost on the
Meredith--but all were saved on the O'Brien.
Ralph made a 2-1 bet ($10 - $5) that we would be here next Oct 22.
I was asked this morning to discuss Meningitis at the Medical Conference
on Tuesday. Mac is going to present two cases of meningitis in the
hospital.
We have been seeing many cases of Atypical (virus) Pneumonia. I have three
cases in my ward now.
Oct 24th--Worked up part of my paper in the morning--A swim in the afternoon,
then went to a party on the farm, celebrating Bob Ackerly’s wedding
anniversary--. We went down in a truck--about twelve of us--Cols M.
C. Kelvy, + Hattan, Majors Jones, Curtis, Preston, & Slattery and
Ackerly, Capts Benjamin, Alley, Schlein, Gaypohl + Legett and
Graff, Lts, Grove and myself. The farm consists of several acres
of clearing--with a large trim lawn, tennis court, a nicely planned house with
an open veranda on the side, leading into a screened bedroom. There were a
couple of other houses--kitchen, barn, and a vegetable patch. The cleared
area is surrounding by acres on acres of dense coconut trees aligned uniformly.
We started off with whisky sours concocted to suit our palates by Bob Preston.
They were both excellent and potent and the party speedily developed into a
state of loquaciousness, well being and good fellowship. We had the best meal
I've had since we left the states, consisting of steak, onions,
mashed potatoes, succotash, fresh tender corn (grown on the farm)-- ice cream
& cake and coffee, and rounded off with an excellent
cigar. Employed at the farm is a New Zealand white about 45 or 50 who
stayed when the rest were evacuated. He landed on Tonga Tabu 23 years
ago-- married, ad has a daughter now serving as ambulance driver
in England. We asked him how he happened to come to Tonga--and he
said “Wanderlust“--but there may have been something else behind it. The farm
is 54 yrs old and belonged to a German--who was sent to N.Z. as he
was an alien although he tried to obtain British citizenship. Germany
also refused--so he is actually a man without a country.
When I returned I took over the O.D. job which Finnegan was holding down for
me. At about 12M I was awakened --and Father Calais and a told me
that a woman was very ill and wanted me to go to see her. I dressed--and
went--gathering information on the way--. I thought I was going
to encounter, from the story an obstetrical problem--but when we arrived
at the hut we could hear an infant crying lustily--it had just
been born a minute before I arrived. I went in--and found the native lying on
the floor--with the baby--crying lustily, the cord was still intact. I
left--after seeing that every thing was all right. I was wondering what I could
have done without instruments. I suppose I could have gotten along all right.
I returned to bed and could not sleep--tossed for 1/2 - 3/4 hr--and realized
that I had an attack
of Oivera ippsial aurecular tachychardia, which took some
time to control by suprabarbital, Nembutal and carotid sinus pressure.
I was awakened twice after that, once for a fractured nose, and once
for a tensive burns, which I referred to the Surgical OD.
October 25th--Further work on my paper-- a swim in the afternoon. Gin
Rummy during the evening with Gaypohl. Slept like a log last night. Wrote a
letter home last note. Received one by air mail from Jeanne Waldron.
Radio reports are encouraging.
A New Zealand Ace is stationed here at the airport-- 13
1/2 Messerschmitts to his credit. The airport will be manned
completely by New Zealanders our men are moving up to the
front. There is a great chance that the unit or part of the unit will
go soon also. Although the climate here is wonderful and days are
spent pleasantly--I would like to move on. The nights here are very
dull-- and there is very little of interest left.
Oct 26th received mail from Pop, Eula, Margaret, Rose, Aunt Marge--the last
date was Sept. 15th--almost 6 wks ago. Expect that more will arrive
soon.
Yesterday was quiet. I read most of the day and played cards at night.
It has been raining lightly and two ropes on my tent broke because of
shrinkage.
Oct 27--Wrote some letters home---went for a swim. Then a movie at night. Beat
Jim at Gin Rummy.
Was called to see a native in labor at about 1130 PM. Had to fish up some
equipment and waited around until about 2. She has not made
any progress--as yet--as I just stopped down to see her. In order
to examine her I had to have all the lights removed and had a doozy of a
job. Will drop back again this morning
700 N Zealanders are said to have come in yesterday--mainly the air force.
More expected, including WAACs and Infantry.
October 28th--A Major Leighton who is making a tour of the South Sea Islands
informally informed us that this unit will remain in the South Seas for the
duration. (The South Sea comprises the area between the Equator and the South
Pole and Pitcairn Island and the Coral Sea). He thinks that this
might be converted into a Base Hospital--but is also high on the list to
move. He believes that some of us might be detached and that one
surgeon of the group is scheduled to leave. (We don’t know whom yet.)
If converted into a base hospital more doctors and nurses will come in.
Another of our warships was sunk and an aircraft carrier damaged in the
Solomon area --a British broadcast started last night. None of Solomon
area--British stated last night.
The alert was shifted up an hour since dawn is now at 430. was
awakened twice during the night--since I was O.D.--and rightfully could
have remained in bed--but I got up anyway. Because of the heat--the
customary officers meeting medical meeting was cancelled.
October 29th--The Navy has announced the sinking of the Wasp. The Meredith
was also sunk at about the same time. They were here together a few months
ago before sailing for the Solomons.
Our purpose here, we have learned, is to protect the sea-lanes between the
states, New Zealand & Australia.
The Hornet is said to have been damaged a few weeks ago.
There are three divisions in the Solomons: there are 3 battleships to a
division--with aircraft carriers, cruisers, and destroyers, so it seems
that we have plenty of strength for a sea battle.
Arising before dawn is quite a chore.
Oct 30th---The weather has been very hot and heavy with humidity and we
are being initiated into real tropical weather which will be in its
fullest form in a month or to. As we arise very early we should be
able to finish the bulk of our work before it becomes real hot during the
morning.
The water yesterday was fine--but there were too many in swimming to
really enjoy it--but it was much cooler at the blowholes.
We had our pictures taken yesterday in groups for the newspapers at home. I was
in three groups--The Long Island group (Nassau County Daily News), the Brooklyn
group and the Cornell Group--all for the benefit of building up morale at the
home front.
There will be a tea for the WAACs (Woman’s Auxiliary Army Corps) on Saturday.
We could stand something new to stimulate interest here.
I often wonder just how long this will continue. The ennui, particularly at
night---is especially bad. It would be impossible to leave here--as the C.O.
would not recommend a transfer if application were submitted.
Some of the fellows are beginning to feel this war as members of
their family are being drawn in. It makes a lot of difference--.
There is a big battle going on in the Solomons with heavy loss on both sides.
Division consists of 1 aircraft carrier, 3 battleships, 10 cruisers,
3 destroyers. We are said to have 3 divisions in the Solomon area.
Oct 31st---The news from the Solomons is bad--our forces are withdrawing--and
they are ambushing as many as they can. It seems as though all of our
losses have been for naught--and further promises that this will be a very long
war. If they take the Solomons again--all our forces moved into the adjacent
islands will be jeopardized.
This island might be subject to attack as it defends our shipping lane. We had
a medley group---Americans, New Zealanders, Tongans, the navy. Orders came out
that we are to obey superior officers of the NZ group--and their enlisted
personnel are to take orders from superior officers of the U.S. Army.
Am reading a good book, “The Citadel” by Cranen
Nov 1st--Contrary to yesterday’s report, our forces have not withdrawn from
Guadalcanal--but the Japs have packed up and have left. The marines are
said to have the situation well in hand.
I received two letters--one from Pop and from Rose--and I responded. I was
happy to hear from both. I have received very little
mail lately--probably due to the service.
Our holding the Solomons means a lot to us as it means that we are that much
nearer the end.
These have been personality changes amongst some of the men due
to this peculiar way of living. I am content to read and write most of the
day and pass my time pleasantly enough that way.
There was a tea yesterday for WAACs yesterday afternoon but I did not attend. I
attended mess at 5:30 AM--this morning after recall from the alert.
I bought an alarm clock, which is ticking merrily away above me. I hope it can
stand the early morning moisture, which penetrates into everything.
Receive cigarettes from Frank the other night. Have a good supply now.
Nov 2nd--
The alert was staffed from 4:30 to 5:30 as the Japs have withdrawn from
Guadalcanal and are progressing northward instead of eastward in our direction.
There was more sense--although we did not like it--to go on the alert in dawn
4:30 earlier since that is when attacks are made. The Japs had many ships
damaged and although not mentioned I guess we had ours. One of our aircraft
carriers was sunk--probably the Saratoga or Hornet.
I has been drizzling intermittently for the past week.
Have been winning consistently at Gin Rummy--although I lost 15 c to Willy the
other night.
If the Japs had taken the Solomons--our outlook here would not be too good as
they would probably have headed toward the Fiji, Samoa, Tonga
group--as was recently believed they would do.
Nov 2nd--Rained for about 8 hours yesterday. Medicine in the morning--and
finished The Citadel in the afternoon. It was enjoyable but
cynical-- dwelling on the deficits of medicine, but giving very little to
the rich part. The book would give the that medical profession
is farce--a misrepresentation.
I am pretty well fed up with the place and I don’t know what I would do if I
did not have books to resort to as a form of escape. The other men
use cards and drink. I am glad that I have not resorted to the latter. It is an
easy thing to do. I believe that I have been spending my time most profitably.
It rained like blazes yesterday--and I had no chance to tryout my new knee
boots which definitely came in handy.
We are said to have damaged or sunk 7 Jap war ships--2 aircraft carriers,
2 cruisers, 2 battleships--1 destroyer at Burma Harbor. One aircraft carrier
noted as sunk--was sunk in the Santa Cruz area where the 134th went.
Reports are optimistic and I hope there is foundation for them and
that we will continue our drive.
Nov 4th--The Allies have taken Kakoda, New Guinea--and reports from
Aprea--- are good. Yesterday was an ordinary day without
anything unusual occurring.
Sent a pair of shoes to Edgar--at Deca Tow field.
Played G.R. with Jim and beat him 3 out of 4 last night.
Went swimming yesterday afternoon--the water was very rough--and high--was on
the spot once--but managed to get out all right.
Nov 5th
Routine day yesterday--has been showering intermittently.
We’ll have to find some form of exercise---building up too much
excess energy. Calisthenics would not be bad. Reminds me of Fort Dix when we
used to get up at 630, put on a shirt, and have calisthenics in front of the
barracks during cold mornings of February and March. It was more punishment
than exercise. We used to vie with each other to see would find something new
to buy at the O.M.--and since were were at first scheduled for
Europe, we invested in woolens, etc. The day after Day
and Stratberry ordered and bought overcoats, we changed to this tropical
force.
Spent last evening in my neighbors tent. Pierce, Vand and Storm, listening to
the radio. The music was good. Retired at 9.
Nov 6th
Good news from the African front—the British have captured 9000 prisoners—and
one general. The leader of the African Corps (German) was killed.
There was a double header movie last night, “Meet the Champ” with Hugh Herbert
and a Charley McCarthy picture—from 7-10.
Jim and others have been giving the Tongans Red Cross Lectures.
Have gave them an examination the other day—the final question was
“Should the mother or grandmother chew the infant foot before giving it to
him.” In the past that was quite a custom here—and consequently the infant and
child mortality was high from it. And other diseases spread from
the chewer.
I have read a synopsis in the Readers Digest “A Donkey Inside” by
Bemelmans—about Ecuador. It brought back many memories of last year. There is
also an article on Peru in The National Geographic which I enjoyed very much
for the same reason. I would not be surprised if many of the men with
whom I sailed with are dead now as the casualties in the Merchant Marine are
high.
Our 36 day trip—blacked out at night—from Dec 7th on was rather
treacherous—zigzagging and changing our direction—there and back. We would have
been helpless, unarmed—if we met any hostile craft. We had frequent boat drills
but everything went along uneventfully-in spit of being followed
by an unknown ship which we were able to lose one night. I had made
up some exta first aid satchels in case of emergency.
I won a dollar from Gapol--Dewey won.
Nov 7th--“Victory is absolute and complete”--so says the British Commander in
African. A German General Von Sturman has been killed--and several others
besides 9000 Italians and Germans captured--250 tanks captured, 400 planes
downed, transports sunk--100,00 lbs of shipping in all destroyed. The first
good substantial victory of the war.
Visited a Bazaar at the Wesleyan Church but did not buy anything as I
was a bit too late and they just had tapas--of which I have already bought
enough.
Slept all afternoon--. Was OD last night--called about 12:30-- sloshed
through the mud to receiving. The patient said the he felt a supra
clavicular lymph gland rise into his throat and choke him when he lay down--after
examining him I sent him ward 30 (Psychiatric)--Hys. Was
awakened later-- an M.P. had a truck driver whom I was
supposed to test for drunkenness--as he slipped off the road and crashed
into a tree which any sober driver might do---the roads as they are. In
spite of signs of acute alcoholism, I denied that he was drunk as they
would have court martialed him. There is plenty of drunkenness
amongst officers which goes unnoticed and is covered up. The private
seemed very grateful.
The island is just a mass of mud--and puddles. It has rained frequently and
hard during the past four weeks No wonder anything will grow here. The soil is
very fertile and gets plenty of water.
I slept through alert today as I was up during the night. Wrote to Jim
Hoyt of WR Graci yesterday.
Am reading, “My Son, my Son.”
Nov 8th--A New Zealand soldier crashed and was killed yesterday by
hitting coconut trees.
Went with Jim last night to see
a pt in Vatna--pregnant-- and supposed to be having
trouble. When we got there a group of at least 20 were sitting around the room
and she was crying and putting on a good show for them. It seems as
though some one (her husband) crossed her during the day. She was
moaning and groaning. Was about a pt. myself after the ride in the back of the
jeep.
A pt died last night--subphrenic abscess following subtotal
gastrectomy.
The news from abroad is excellent. There was a notice in the news to be ready
since “the war seems to be taken to the Axis-to move at a moments
notice“. The notice read--”Since the election is over--etc.“ From
which we are bound to gather that activity was
held up until we had our elections in the States. Votes--not
lives-- seem to be of greatest importance it seems.
Gave Jim a trimming at G.R. last night. Went to bed at about 10--read for a
while-then tried to go to sleep after taking a phenobarb--but the fleas were
attacking in full force--was bed was made up improperly, and the wood
was flapping back and forth the forced the fly in the tent. flaps. Got up
several times--and finally did fall asleep. Bad idea to nap in the
afternoon. There is mail in which has not come up yet.
From the way things look now, we might not be here next year!!
Nov 9th ---Attended an autopsy--and also saw the charred remains of the New Zealand
flier--who was a non commissioned pilot. There are varying versions of how he
crashed. His plane shot up in flames on crashing--and the machine gun went off.
There was nothing left but char. A Tongan man was brought in
last night--shot accidentally--the bullet went through both hips
traversing several loops of terminal ileum and the surgical operation and
transfusion did not help and he died soon after.
Trutt and Kassa went to a party given by the Queen. There were a
parrot--which they had for 24 hrs. before it died. Joe looks very mournful
digging a grave for it. Although it looked very scraggly when they brought it
home--I believe they gave the finishing touch by overfeeding it.
Received some mail yesterday but not much. There has been a let-down. Troops
have landed on the north and west African coast--the President has appealed to
the French not to resist. It seems as though we
are actually doing things now.
November 10th--Started from New York 7 mos. ago yesterday. Six months ago
today we landed on Tonga Tabu. Algeria has asked for an armistice in response
to the Presidents plea. Vichy France has broken off relations with the U.S.,
meaning it will resist the US in Africa. They are still cleaning up in Egypt
and Libya.
Received some magazines from Frank yesterday--a nice gesture.
November 11th-- A rumor spread that the allies have invaded Italy and
France yesterday but undoubtedly it is untrue as it was not
confirmed over the radio.
The 3rd battalion--147th infantry--left yesterday, presumably for the
Solomon’s, leaving the 134th CA and the 77th CA behind. We wont have
many left to take care of if this keeps up.
Received a package from Rose Anne-- Toffee from Pop and magazines from
Frank.
Marvin bought a lamp yesterday (Aladdin) cost--$18--gives very good
light and will come in handy.
Saw our group photos yesterday--most have turned out well--but a few
have to retaken. Our B’klyn picture will be
retaken today.
Nov 12th
-Admiral Darlin of the French Fleet--totally Nazi was
captured and is a guest of our generals. The Bay of Tunisia gave the U.S.
permission for our forces to go there, that that country to go through that
country and nearly all of N. Africa is in our control.
Hitler has spread his troops all over France. Churchill states that this is
definitely our second front.
If the Normandy had not been sabotaged, we would probably be in Europe
now. I have been asked to write a recommendation for one of our
enlisted men. He wants to join the air corps.
The 147th has left --and will undoubtedly see action.Dec. 20th
Made some more Plunko last night—about 6 of us stayed
here—drank and played crap. I won $10.
Bull session until 2 A.M. With Buendaye and Capt. Burns.
This morning had a mild headache. But it subsided readily.
Visited the hospital--.
Bought 7 small mats and a couple of dozen coasters—to send home.
Nov 13th (Friday)- We were put on a 15 minute alert yesterday (Had to
be 15 minutes of the camp) as a Jap cruiser and destroyer were
sighted at a distance 2 hrs from the island. They were headed this
way. The ship bearing the 147th didn't leave port on this account. Eight
of our planes were sent out to get them--but failed to find
them.
One of my patients--a colored fellow with chronic arthritis died following
tonsillectomy. He had profuse bleeding during the operation. The carotid
was legated to control bleeding. It stopped but on the ward started
again. Last night he was admitted to the OR to clamp the bleeding--he
went into laryngospasm and died in spite of a tracheotomy. I hope
that this will be the last one.
Was awakened at about 430 A.M. by the bugle and voices. The
enlisted men_s_ club was up in flames--about the biggest blaze I've
seen--like a dried Christmas tree. The wind was blowing in our direction--but
was not strong--or else it could have destroyed our camp. It was burnt to the
ground.
The news has been excellent--Admiral Darlin was Commander of all Vichy French
forces and he told them to lay down their arms. However Petain is
urging them on. It looks like the beginning of the end. I hope that they will
collapse real soon.
If I had not joined the unit I_m sure that I would be captain by this
time. The men back in the States are going up fast. It hardly seems fair that
the men who have been out for several years receive the same
appointment --as the men just graduating. Doctors in the first place
should start out with a higher rank--since they are usually older than the
average 1st Lt. Should be earning more (relatively) due
to expense of education, and are more educated than equivalent
ranks in other units. There is a big discrepancy. Promotions--they are
coming very slowly and it seems as though I will never be
advanced. Our unit commander has shown little or no interest in pushing his
men. He said before leaving New York that all 1st Lt should be
advanced after overseas for 6 mos. It is seven months now with no
prospect. As a leader he is a failure. He has the respect of no one--and we
would fair much better without him. Enough for that. I could go on
all day--but there_s no sense to that.
Nov 14th--The news still is very encouraging in all fronts--and the Nazis are
on the defensive for the 1st time. A foreboding of success emanates from a
passage in Hitler_s speech in which he sated he would not
leave the country as the Kaiser did in the last war.
I read in Readers Digest that shippers have to obey instructions set down by
Govt Officials ie course, blackout regulations, Capt Gruff of the Clara
after war was declared was instructed to proceed to Jacksonville
and along the coast of Florida then through the canal. Instead he took a course
between Haiti and PR (Mona Strait). Disobedience is punished by
revocation of license if their ship is sunk.
I have a new maid as I fired Cinderella. Marie is rather an attraction, tall
girl of more intelligence than the average She is neat, tends to
change a little more than the rest for her laundry services--but I got
her her to agree to a suitable charge 70 cents for laundry and 50
cents for tent keeping per week.
Nov 15th--A party last night--It did not live up to our first few. We did not
have any orchestra as the 147th has left. Left at about 10:30. It ended after
midnight. There were many delinquent for the alert his morning.
Many of the nurses are lost now without the infirmary.
Took the men swimming this afternoon. (None went swimming--air was chilly.)
A New Zealand transfer was in the group. From Dunedin which is in the southern
part of the Lonoke Island. He has been here 3 weeks-. It required 5 days to
make the trip. He is 39--and managed to join up in spite
of the age limit of 37. He was hoping to go Egypt or the Solomon--and
to their disappointment learned on the second day that they were
bound for Tongatabu. He has three brothers in Egypt. They are probably
seeing a lot of action now.
The men brought a couple of watermelons on the way back from
the blowholes, and sat eating them at the side of the road. The paid
50 c/ for each the size of a soccer ball.
Nov 16th--Eddie Richenbacher was picked up yesterday after 5 weeks on
a rubber raft after his plane crashed.
Marvin is going out into the field today. A Capt Ward is coming
in . This captain did not even finish his internship--but since he
has been in field work--he has been advanced. It seems wants his cake and eat it to.
I suspect that he will be put in with me although I prefer to live
alone.
The news for the past 2-3 weeks has been very favorable with advances on most
fronts and the Russians holding. The French fleet might as yet join up with the
allies-and Spain has sent a friendly letter to the US after the president
notified him that we would not violate the country.
Everywhere one goes in Tongatabu is to be heard the not unusual note
of the Tua Tua as it resounds to the blows of the IKE. The small wooden mallet
used by the makers of tapa cloth. The manufacture of this useful
native cloth is one of the occupations of the native women, who sit
for long hours every day, cross legged before the TuaTua, a smooth peeled
trunk of a tree about a foot in diameter resting on small raised horizontal
sticks to give it resilience. TAPA, or GATU is made from strips of
the bark of the HIAPO, a paper mulberry, about three or four inches wide,
which are scraped, soaked for several days, dried, soaked again and beaten
out into widths of 12 to 18 inches of white material. The pieces are
glued together by sticking the edges together with a glue like substance
made from the root of the wild arrowroot. Some of the completed
pieces measure a hundred yards or more in length. Part of the intricate
patterns are imprinted at the time of piecing together, and
the r! est are painted by hand with a stick dipped in a dye made
from the bark of the KOKA tree. Used as mattresses, bed coverings, screens,
articles of dress (I saw a native the other day with a cow-boy
like suit made from it) and ceremonial costumes.
The Tongan women also excel in making mats from coconut leaves, and split
PANDANUS. (Both types are beneath me in the floor.)--the latter are
edged with bright colored yarns--with intricate patterns in the mat
proper. These are handed down from generation
to generation, and used in the floors and beds.
The men wear VALAS, a skirt like garment of calico, print, or
cashmere, fashioned around the waist and extending and extending (sic) to the
ankles. In the former days, a kilt of green leaves of the si (SI) plant covered
to the knees the muscular legs of the men when they entered in the
brush, or even on the warpath, but the vala of tapa formed the
ceremonial dress. Over the vala, especially on ceremonial
occasions, is wrapped a soft mat which is tied on by
strands of pinned cloth.--Worn by men and women alike. Foolish laws imposed on
the islanders by a missionary who became Prime Minister compelled the men to
conceal their torso beneath shirts, jackets, or other garments--or else
prosecuted rigorously by law.
Copra--(main product) sun dried kernel of coconut. A natives wealth is
measured by his plantation, his home, and the number of fine mats and
tapas he possesses. Liquor is allowed the whites, and in limited
quantities to a few privileged chiefs and men of assured sobriety.
The remainder of people cannot have it and do not feel the lack.
In 1912 the jails of Tonga were overflowing. No room could be
made for more--they were at a loss how to handle the situation which
arose as a result of a law forbidding illicit love--they solved it by
not enforcing the law.
Free medicine, education, medical service.
YAMS. (KUMALAS) Sweet potato-
TARO OFA ATU--my love to you
The natives eat the flying foxes which of & taste badly.
Nov 17th--Just came back from making a tour of different outfits with
Bob Acherly attending sick calls. We started at about 6:40 A.M. and
sped, jounced and bounced over rocky roads. It was not so good on an empty
stomach.
Heard last night for the first time that a road has been
completed from Washington to Alaska--a distance of 1500 miles in
6 mos. It is remarkable feat and the Army deserves
credit. I hope to take a trip over it someday. Alaska’s position is now much
more secure.
I am reading “Tin Can Island” by Charles Stuart Ramset. It I about the
Tongan group of islands and much about Tonga Tabu.
“The meat is supplied by chickens, pigs, goats, a few cattle, and
wild fowl. The coconut tree provides copra, their drink, the
delicious ream from the grounded nut for preparing food, oil for
their hair and body (which when mixed with scent derived from flowers
principally from gipangi, cause a disagreeable, easily detected odor for
the American) and for illumination.
The leaves are used for thatch, mats, and baskets: leaf nets for brooms
and fans, hot sheets for the cooking fire (gives a hot fire
and little flame--good for blackouts as little shading is
needed) and drinking bowls. The most useful tree in existence.
Some yams (KAFIU) attain a length of 8-9 feet in length with a
a girth of as much as a 2 feet--growing that length under proper
conditions in 9-10 mos. Breadfruit trees are also plentiful.
The Tongans possess poise and a fine sense of dignity. Their bearing
and manner of life is regulated by a pride of rice, old customs and
traditions, love of family and loyalty to their church and country.
Children call their parents by their first name.
They are naturally cruel to the animals--as they believe that the animals e.g., horses
were put on the earth as a beast of burden--but without sensation--hence
riding on sores, and other cruelties.
Men beat their wives on occasion but no one things any the worse of
them when the reason demands. The women know what to expect if they misbehave.
The slightest suggest, no matter of remote, of relationships between two
individuals bars their uniting in marriage. This is extended even to
non-blood relatives.
Every boy if he has sisters must on the age of puberty leave his fathers house and
take residence with an outside relative. If he wishes to speak to his parent
while his sister is at home he must do so from the doorway. He may enter when
she leaves. They may speak together if they meet outside. Should the need arise
that she go on a journey, the son may not accompany her, though her cousin may.
These though still enforced--used to be more rigidly endorsed in the
past.
The oldest son is the heir and he has considerable influence and
control over his brothers: yet he is like them completely under the
domination of his sister. They pay deference to her, and all of their worldly
possessions are at her disposal and her children.
Marriage is presided by two ceremonies. The first of these is the formal
asking for the brides hand in marriage. The suitor seeks out a
suitable spokesman--prepares an umu (UMU), or basket, of baked figs
and yams, takes a piece of KAVA, and accompanied by his mouthpiece goes off to
the house of the maid o his choice
The second ceremony is the FAKA LE-LEA which is held on the eve of
the wedding. It is kept up until daylight as a precaution
against last minute abduction of the bride to be by another suitor. The
wedding ceremony today is perfumed in Christian Church.
Kava is the visiting card of the islands. It is no more incorrect to make a
call on a chief or attend a ceremony in a state of nudity than it is to go
without a piece of Kava. It is a dried root of a shrub, and grows
with cultivation all through the island. The root is beaten to
shreds between two small igneous stones, mixed with water in the Kava bowl and
strained though a bunch of shredded bark of the FA U tree. The resultant
mixture is the color of yellow muddy water. The taste is
indescribable. The process of making it is simple but the ceremony
elaborate. The excess use of KAVA results in sore and discharging eyes and a
scaly chalky appearance of the skin. It has no effects outside of a drowsy dull
feeling which readily passes off. However it is habit forming.
To the Tongan, death is a punishment merited by his own misdemeanors or those
of a relative. A fatal accident is taken rather fatalistically with
the attitude “It was his day.” Under Tongan law a grave many not be
reopened for another occupant until two years after the last burial. After
the funeral they have a feast similar to after a marriage ceremony. Throughout
the period of mourning, no singing of love songs or dancing is
permitted in the village of the deceased. The taboo in the case
of royalty is applied throughout land and lasts for six months.
Nov 18th--The news is fine from the Solomon’s. There has been a big naval
battle going on and the Japs have lost 23 ships including a battle ship,
cruisers, destroyers and 4 transports. The losses are said to be
between 20 and 40,000 men. General MacArthur is now in New Guinea.
Some beer and wine arrived last night. I bought a bottle of wine (port) for
$1.25. My maid Marie requested an increase for the laundry so I’m paying $1.00
a wk. and 50 c for tending the tent.
Was O.D. yesterday but slept undisturbed last night.
Nov 20th--Routine day--. Saw a bomber fly by over yesterday. Later learned that
the General was aboard and proceeding to New Guinea for a conference. Colonel
Fishbein is commanding officer in is absence.
The Tongans eat when hungry or convenient. Missionaries tried to enforce on
them regular eating habits. It is against the law on the Sabbath to plant a
flower, gather drinking nuts, to kill an animal or bird, to fish or hunt, to
play tennis, cricket or other game, to sing any ordinary songs, or to do any
kind of work whatsoever (I have to clean up my tent on Sunday) or
else fined.
The Pacific Islands did not escape the Influenza Epidemic of 1918. A N.Z.
steamer carried the disease to Nuku’alofa. Sailors from an American vessel
buried them as the natives were too sick and demoralized to do it themselves.
None of the sailors contracted the illness. Th Papalangi (white men)
brought many diseases to the island--and epidemics sprung up due
to poor natural resistance. Roving whalers were the first to bring to
bring TB and venereal disease.
Due to public health measures the population is on the increases.
(Rockefeller Institute and Gov’t Agency).
In cases of illness the Tongans are very sympathetic--groups of relatives
gather in the house of the patient-sit around the patient--with their den
lights (coconut oil) in their thatched dwellings. The Tongan patient seems to
appreciate company and distraction as a result confinement. At a recent
confinement that I attended- -the whole family their friends were up with the
patient. And at another when the patient was feigning illness because she did
not get what she wanted--there were at least 20 in a small hut, taking
everything in. Incidentally, this makes examinations rather difficult to perform.
Throughout Polynesia circumcision is the invariable rule and the Polynesians
look with derision and disgust upon anyone who has not had it done.
Liu Ciga is a form of shark fishing here. From a boat one calls to
the shark called HINA complimenting her--and using all sorts
of endearing terms. Meat as bait is also used. Coconut shells
are rattled under water. Eventually the shark appears (if the fisherman
had not had any scraps at home--or anything on their conscience)--
and then leaves to return with others.
They are enticed to approach the boat with the endearing terms &
persuasion--and lift their heads out of the water to grasp the bait (meat) held
up alongside the boat. A noose is then slipped over the head and
tightened behind the pectoral fin and the fish is then clubbed to
death. If it should fail to approach the boat--one of the
natives dives overboard---approaches it and then swims back leisurely with
the shark fooling luxury as though charmed by the procedure---to be
trapped and killed.
Saluka (SALUKA) a twist of native drive leaves-- used as a cigar and
frequently carried in various stages of combustion behind the ear (They have
great faith in this procedure).
Nov 20th --Routine day-. Movie called off last night because of
rain. Stansfeldt and I finished my bottle of port. Played Gin Rummy
with Jim. This morning hunted for flees on my bed--saw several but was
able to catch only one. Very elusive.
Nov 2nd. Mary just bought me 3 gardenias--which have a very fine scent.
Yesterday she gave ma a watermelon. I just presented her with a
cigarette lighter.
The sun is shining nicely but yesterday it was dismal--and rained all day into
the night---it came down very heavily . We sat and drank
Port in Steve’s, Van’s & Pearses ten and retired early. We had a good time,
while the rain beat hard on the canvas above us.
The morale amongst our officers is poor. There has been a personality change in
several--and its a different group from that which started out. Lack
of work--and organization has caused a lot of dissension. In the army
if you should think--you are lost. The best way to get along is to
just follow along--or else you will be lost in bitterness and
resentment. There is plenty of it here.
One of my ward boys (Isadore Samuel) is critically ill with pneumonia which he
picked up from a New Zealand patient in the ward. One whole lung is
involved. There has been plenty of virus pneumonia in the wards--particularly
in the past two months. A patient admitted with an upper respiratory
infection--developed a generalized pinpoint erythematous rash yesterday---so my
ward is quarantined and I'll get a rest from admitting patients.
Nov 26th Went to a party at the ground force club yesterday and had a good
Nov 28
All construction work was stopped on the island yesterday by order of the
General who returned the other day. Rumors spread fast that we were
to leave and spirits were high. Our colonel was called to HQ--but he
was very reticent on his return. All are anxious to move up to the
front line or N.Z. or Australia. The C.A. was ordered to have guns
ready for movement--and no lumber is to be drawn. Dr. Weiland of the Navy
was very downcast as he has made many friends in the hospital--a large convoy
is coming in--and we are all hoping that we will be made part of it
before it leaves. However, although something is in the air, we do not yet know
just what we are in for.
The South Dakota is in--and I hear that they have some good tales about the
battle in the Solomon’s.
Nov 30th--The was another party at the Ground Force Club last night
but I could not go as I was Med OD. Several of the men went and had a
good time. It was given for the men of the Battleship South Dakota
which first returned from the Solomon’s after having sunk seven ships. It
was hit 40 times on the superstructure deck. Casualties--40 dead--157
wounded. There are several other warships in harbor--including the Indiana.
I believe that before long we will be moving up to the front--at
last! Nothings definite has been said--but plans for embarkation are being
carried out. I think that it probably will be New Guinea.
Alley and I were first aboard to apply for a transfer when the rumors started
but now we will wait to see what happens.
The Blackout Restrictions have been completely lifted---and the alert is
over. We are supposed “stand do” ion the mornings at 5:30
now.
Nov 31st The Indiana is in port--commissioned last March. ---Robert
Montgomery---the actor is morale officer--I met him last night at our officers
club and bought him a drink
(continued)
Note: Tongan proper nouns may be mispelled-DL
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